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Strontium-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Study in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells

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Abstract

In this manuscript, the grown and annealed strontium-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles (SrNiONPs) were synthesized using a precipitation method with nickel nitrate and strontium nitrate as precursor agents with trisodium citrate. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible, and zeta sizer, were used to thoroughly examine the samples. The XRD pattern (21 nm) was used to calculate the size, phases, and crystallinity of the material (SrNiONPs). In addition to characterization, the material was tested for cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells (A549). The viability test in A549 cells was performed using [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay with SrNiONPs concentration ranging from 1 to 100 μg/mL. According to the MTT and NRU data, the toxicity studies are dose-dependent. SrNiONPs also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were involved in apoptosis (A549 cells). Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) data revealed that the mRNA levels of apoptotic genes marker like p53, bax, and caspase-3 were upregulated, whereas bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, was downregulated. As a result, apoptosis was mediated by the p53, bax, caspase3, and bcl-2 pathways, implying a potential mechanism by which SrNiONPs mediate their toxicity.

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Funding

The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Ahmad, Rizwan Wahab, Maqsood A. Siddiqui, Quaiser Saquib & Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy

  2. Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Quaiser Saquib & Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Naushad Ahmad

Authors
  1. Javed Ahmad
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  2. Rizwan Wahab
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  3. Maqsood A. Siddiqui
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  4. Quaiser Saquib
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  5. Naushad Ahmad
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  6. Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
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Contributions

J Ahmad: conceptualization, methodology, project administration writing–review and editing, and writing–original draft. R Wahab: methodology, data curation, conceptualization, and software. MA Siddiqui: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and formal analysis. Q Saquib: methodology, validation, and formal analysis. N Ahmad: software and formal analysis: AA Al-Khedhairy: conceptualization and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Javed Ahmad.

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We are using human cancer cell lines purchased from ATCC. In our case, no ethical approval is required.

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Ahmad, J., Wahab, R., Siddiqui, M.A. et al. Strontium-Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Study in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 1598–1607 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02780-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02780-5

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