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Nano-Bio Selenium Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis Modulates Broiler Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota, and Expression of Tight Junction’s Proteins

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Abstract

A green and ecofriendly bio-based synthesis of nano selenium particles was performed using the Bacillus subtilis and the products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Dietary treatments included a control diet nonsupplemented with selenium and control diet supplemented with different sources of selenium (sodium selenite, organic Se, and nano-bio Se), resulting in a total of 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chicks. Broilers were assessed for performance measures, ileum morphometry, and microbial population and jejunum tight junction proteins’ relative expression. The particle size of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranges 40 to 150 nm, with crystalline spherical shape. Inclusion of selenium increased body weight (BW) and improved FCR compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). Among the selenium sources, the highest BW were achieved in chicks fed sodium selenite or nano-bio Se. Selenium supplementation meaningfully (P <  − 0.01) changed ileum morphology and reduced ileum microbiota. Inclusion of selenium increased the relative weight of the carcass, breast, and thigh and reduced the relative weight of the liver and bursa of Fabricius on day 42 (P < 0.01). The relative length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were increased on day 14 but reduced on day 42 by inclusion of selenium (P < 0.05). Supplementation of selenium increased (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occluden-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-5 and zonula occluden-2 on day 28. Inclusion of nano-bio selenium increased (P < 0.05) the expression of occludin, zonula occluden-1, and zonula occluden-2 and reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of claudin-5 compared to the organic selenium and sodium selenite on day 42. In conclusion, this data suggest feasibility of the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, the data reported herein demonstrate that nano-bio selenium can effectively improve performance and intestinal integrity compared to the common organic and inorganic sources of selenium.

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Data Availability

The data of this study will be made available on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the research support obtained from Bonda Faravar for his great help in nanoparticles synthesis and characterization. The authors would like to appreciate Mr. Mohammad Sabagh for his assistance with gene expression assay.

Funding

This work was funded by a grant (Grant Number: 84/5–258) from Malayer University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Malayer University, 65719-95863, Malayer, Iran

    Fatholahi Ali & Khalaji Saeed

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Reaserch Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Hosseini Fatemeh

  3. Bioluence Company, Tehran, Iran

    Hosseini Fatemeh

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  1. Fatholahi Ali
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  2. Khalaji Saeed
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  3. Hosseini Fatemeh
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Contributions

Conceptualization, S.K.; software, S.K.; formal analysis and resources, A.F and S.K.; writing—original draft preparation, A.F and S.K.; supervision, S.K. Nanoparticles synthesis, F. H. Transmission electron microscopy, F.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khalaji Saeed.

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Ali, F., Saeed, K. & Fatemeh, H. Nano-Bio Selenium Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis Modulates Broiler Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota, and Expression of Tight Junction’s Proteins . Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 1811–1825 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02767-2

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