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Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism

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Abstract

Hypothyroidism can occur due to deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc, magnesium, and vitamin A. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with these micronutrients on thyroid function, oxidative stress, and hs-CRP levels in patients with hypothyroidism. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups, 86 hypothyroid patients aged 20–65 were allocated to receive daily supplementation with either: (intervention group, n = 43) one 30 mg zinc gluconate capsule per day, one 250 mg magnesium oxide tablet per day, and one 25,000 IU vitamin A capsule twice/week for 10 weeks or (placebo group, n = 43) placebo capsules and tablets as above for 10 weeks. Neither of the groups changed their diet or physical activity. Thyroid hormones (free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)), oxidative markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), serum hs-CRP, and anthropometric indices (height and weight) were assessed at the baseline and at the end of the study. In the intervention group, we found a significant increase in serum FT4, decreased anthropometric indices, and lower levels of serum hs-CRP by the end of the 10 week protocol (P < 0.05). In the placebo group, serum TAC was decreased and hs-CRP increased (P < 0.05), with no significant changes in serum TSH, FT3, TT4, and MDA after the intervention. Zinc, vitamin A, and magnesium supplementation may have beneficial effects in patients with hypothyroidism and in diseases associated with hyperthyroidism.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the participants for their cooperation and participation in this study, and also, Pourateb Company for providing the Nature Made Zinc Gluconate tablets. This research is a part of the M.Sc. thesis in nutrition sciences, which was financially supported by the Vice Chancellor of Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran).

Funding

This research was funded by the Iran University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Elaheh Rabbani & Mohammadreza Vafa

  2. Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Golgiri

  3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Leila Janani

  4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Nariman Moradi

  5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Soudabeh Fallah

  6. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Behnaz Abiri

Authors
  1. Elaheh Rabbani
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  4. Nariman Moradi
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  7. Mohammadreza Vafa
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Contributions

ER and MV designed this study. ER, FG, NM, and SF participated in the conduction of the study. LJ analyzed the data. ER and BA drafted the manuscript. MV and BA critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammadreza Vafa.

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Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants on recruitment. The protocol of this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, is in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: IR.IUMS.FMD.REC1396.9411468007), and was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number IRCT201709042365N17) which is available at: http://irct.ir/user/trial/20288/view.

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Rabbani, E., Golgiri, F., Janani, L. et al. Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 4074–4083 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02548-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02548-3

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