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In Vitro Evaluation of the Apoptotic, Autophagic, and Necrotic Molecular Pathways of Fluoride

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Abstract

Prolonged exposure to high doses of fluoride causes chronic poisoning called fluorosis, which affects many tissues and causes serious health problems. This study was planned to investigate the apoptotic, autophagic, and necrotic molecular pathways of fluoride. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was administered to normal rat kidney epithelial (NRK-52E) cells. The NaF IC50 value was determined using the MTT assay. The expression of the genes in the autophagic, apoptotic, and necrotic pathways was determined by real-time PCR. It was determined that there were significant changes in NaF-induced molecular pathways depending on the time. There were no increases in apoptotic and necrotic pathway markers except for Atg3, an autophagy gene, at the 3rd and the 12th hours. However, there was an induction in all cell death signaling pathways at 24 h. The molecular mechanisms demonstrated NaF-induced cellular death in the NRK-52E cell line. It was concluded that these molecular mechanisms were activated with NaF, and different mechanisms accelerated the cellular death at the 24th hour.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Van Yuzuncu Yil University Directorate of Scientific Research Projects and registered with the project no: TYL-2017-6041.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090, Van, Turkey

    F. Urut, S. Dede & S. Cetin

  2. Özalp Regional High School, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090, Van, Turkey

    V. Yuksek

  3. Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090, Van, Turkey

    A. Usta

  4. Medical Biology Department, Medical Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    M. Taspinar

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  1. F. Urut
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  2. S. Dede
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Correspondence to S. Dede.

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The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. The complete list of corrections is given below. * The author’s affiliations in now corrected in the author group. * The correct order of the keywords should be: Apoptosis, Autophagy, In vitro, Naf, Necrosis, NRK-52E cell line * p.2, fourth sentence of the last paragraph under the header “Total RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR”, BCt should be CT * p.3, second sentence of the first paragraph under the Results section, results should be PCR results * The correct bibliographic information for reference [1] should be Yur F, Mert N, Dede S, Değer Y, Ertekin A, Mert H, Yaşar S, Doğan I, Işık A (2013) Evaluation of serum lipid fractions and tissue antioxidant levels in sheep with fluorosis. Fluoride 46(2):90–96

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Urut, F., Dede, S., Yuksek, V. et al. In Vitro Evaluation of the Apoptotic, Autophagic, and Necrotic Molecular Pathways of Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 3700–3706 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02491-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02491-3

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