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Accumulation of Trace Metals in Indigenous Fish Species from the Old Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh and Human Health Risk Implications

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Abstract

In this study, accumulation of the top six most toxic trace metals (Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb)) were assessed in six indigenous fish species (Barilius barila, Salmostoma acinaces, Gudusia chapra, Labeo bata, Corica soborna, and Sperata aor) collected from the Old Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh. Human health risk associated with these fish consumption was also evaluated. Metals were analyzed in whole body of fish by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Mean concentrations of metals (μg/g, wet weight) were in the range of As (< 0.02–0.278), Cd (< 0.002–0.005), Cr (0.239–0.761), Hg (0.008–0.057), Ni (< 0.02–0.044), and Pb (< 0.01–0.038). The metal contents varied significantly among the fishes regarding their feeding habits and living habitats. Concentrations of As, Cr, Hg, and Pb were significantly higher in omnivorous species, whereas the benthopelagic species showed significantly higher accumulation of As (p < 0.05). The target hazard quotient (THQ) for noncarcinogenic risk and target cancer risk (TR) for carcinogenic risk were calculated to estimate the probabilities of experiencing these adverse health effects for the fish consumers. Metal-specific THQ values were all below 1 indicating no potential human health risk. Nonetheless, the hazard index (HI) values to estimate the effects from exposure to all metals collectively elucidated chronic noncarcinogenic health risk particularly from G. chapra consumption. The TR values revealed that there was carcinogenic risk from exposure to As through consumption of the fish. This study finally suggests a systematic and continuous monitoring of trace metal contamination in fishes from the river to ensure the fitness of this food item regarding the safety for human health.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission for providing necessary laboratory and instrumental facilities for this study.

Funding

The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Sabikunnahar Shorna, Saika Shawkat, Anwar Hossain, Bijoya Paul & Md. Habibullah-Al-Mamun

  2. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accredited), Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Shamshad B. Quraishi, A. K. M. Atique Ullah & Mohammad Mozammal Hosen

  3. Soil and Environment Section, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmandi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

    Md. Kamal Hossain & Badhan Saha

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  1. Sabikunnahar Shorna
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  2. Saika Shawkat
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Shorna, S., Shawkat, S., Hossain, A. et al. Accumulation of Trace Metals in Indigenous Fish Species from the Old Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh and Human Health Risk Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 3478–3488 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02450-y

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