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The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature to evaluate the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and obesity measure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Major electronic databases of Web of Science, the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched completely from the inception until 15 October 2019 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) pertaining to the topic of interest. All outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidential intervals (CI). Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed using standard methods. The pooled analysis of five RCTs showed that Mg supplementation did not affect body weight (WMD: − 0.01 kg, 95% CI: − 0.36 to 0.33), BMI (WMD: − 0.07, 95% CI: − 0.18 to 0.04), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.12, 95% CI: − 1.24 to 1.48) in T2DM patients compared to the control groups of the patients who received placebo. However, pooling seven RCTs together showed significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (WMD: − 5.78 mmHg, 95% CI: − 11.37 to − 0.19) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: − 2.50 mmHg, 95% CI: − 4.58 to − 0.41) in T2DM patients. Furthermore, subgroup analysis by dose of intervention, intervention duration, and type of intervention suggested that Mg supplementation for > 12 weeks, in doses higher than 300 mg/day or inorganic forms, could significantly decrease both systolic and diastolic BP in T2DM patients. Based on the findings, Mg supplementation has beneficial effects on BP in type 2 diabetes patients independent of body weight status. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

    Omid Asbaghi & Sara Kashkooli

  2. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Reza Hosseini

  3. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Behnoosh Boozari

  4. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Behnoosh Boozari

  5. Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Ghaedi

  6. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Ghaedi

  7. Halal Research Centre of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran

    Sajjad Moradi

  8. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Sajjad Moradi

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  1. Omid Asbaghi
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Omid Asbaghi (OA) and Sajjad Moradi (SM) designed the research; OA and Sara Kashkooli conducted the research; OA and SM performed statistical analysis; SM, Behnoosh Boozari, and Ehsan Ghaedi wrote the paper; SM had primary responsibility for final content. Reza Hosseini contributed to the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sajjad Moradi.

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Asbaghi, O., Hosseini, R., Boozari, B. et al. The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 413–424 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02157-0

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