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Analysis of Zinc and Chromium in Grain Samples Using Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Microextraction Followed by Flame-AAS After Microwave Digestion

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Abstract

A simple, rapid and eco-friendly microextraction method was developed for the determination and preconcentration of zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) from grain products by ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-IL-DLLME) combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Quercetin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one dihydrate) was used for the complexation of Zn(II) and Cr(III) ions at different pHs. The 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]imide ([Hmim][NTf2] and acetonitrile were used as extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. To provide quantitative extraction of analytes, important experimental variables such as pH of sample solution, temperature, ultrasonic time, amount of chelating agent, amount of ionic liquid, type and amount of dispersive solvent, and interference effect were extensively studied and optimized. The detection limits and operating ranges for Zn(II) and Cr(III) using the optimized conditions were 7.5, 25–450 and 2.4, 8–300 μg L−1, respectively. For the validation of the proposed method, the certified reference material was tested using the standard addition method. After microwave digestion analysis of grain products, relative standard deviations (RSDs%) and recoveries were ranged from 1.2 to 2.3% and from 91.2 to 103.7%, respectively. The UA-IL-DLLME method has been successfully applied for the determination of Zn and Cr in grain samples (chickpea, broad bean, pea, beans, and wheat).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Adil Elik

  2. Sivas Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Ahmet Demirbas

  3. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Nail Altunay

Authors
  1. Adil Elik
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  2. Ahmet Demirbas
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  3. Nail Altunay
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Correspondence to Nail Altunay.

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Highlights

• Simultaneous trace analysis of zinc and chromium was demonstrated.

• Ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in sample preparation.

• The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by certified reference material.

• [Hmim][NTf2] as an extractant was efficiently used for preconcentration of Zn and Cr.

• Microwave digestion was applied to compare the results.

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Elik, A., Demirbas, A. & Altunay, N. Analysis of Zinc and Chromium in Grain Samples Using Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Microextraction Followed by Flame-AAS After Microwave Digestion. Biol Trace Elem Res 198, 697–706 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02071-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02071-5

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