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Applicability of Low-Cost Binders for the Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Urinary Stones Using EDXRF Based on Fundamental Parameter Approach

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Abstract

The pressed powder sample is a common method for elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence analysis whereas suitable light hydrocarbon materials should be added to the sample as a binder. The present study demonstrates the applicability of using different commercial binders for elemental analysis of urinary stone samples. In order to confirm the obtained results, a comparison with pure chemical grade binders was presented. Different commercial and pure binders were tested for quantitative elemental analysis of urinary stones, namely, cellulose, starch, wax, and urea. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used for elemental analysis. Differential thermal analysis was used to estimate the loss on ignition (LOI) in the urinary stone samples. The signal to background ratios (I/IB) of the different detected elements in the commercial and pure binders were calculated, compared, and studied at eight different photon energies starting from 2.5 up to 37 keV. Standard-less quantitative analysis method based on the fundamental parameter approach was applied for elemental analysis of selected urinary stones. The commercial and low-cost binders could be an excellent alternative binder for urinary stone analysis using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The commercial binders could provide an advantage as pure chemical grade binders or even better especially at photon energy higher than 10 keV. The best commercial binder candidate was found to be the wax. The quantitative analysis results using commercial and pure chemical grade binders give good agreement results, which indicate the applicability of commercial binders for quantitative elemental analysis of urinary stones in the form of pressed powder samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the volunteers who participated in this research.

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This study has no any financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Abdallah A. Shaltout

  2. Physics Department, Faculty of science, Taif University, Taif, 21974, P.O. Box 888, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdallah A. Shaltout & Maram M. Dabi

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Ibrahim

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of science, Taif University, Taif, 21974, P.O. Box 888, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed M. Ibrahim

  5. Urology Department, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed S. Al-Ghamdi & Essam Elnagar

Authors
  1. Abdallah A. Shaltout
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  2. Maram M. Dabi
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  3. Mohamed M. Ibrahim
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  4. Ahmed S. Al-Ghamdi
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  5. Essam Elnagar
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Contributions

Abdallah A. Shaltout, Maram M. Dabi, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Ahmed S. Al-Ghamdi, and Essam El-Naggar certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication.

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Correspondence to Abdallah A. Shaltout.

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Shaltout, A.A., Dabi, M.M., Ibrahim, M.M. et al. Applicability of Low-Cost Binders for the Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Urinary Stones Using EDXRF Based on Fundamental Parameter Approach. Biol Trace Elem Res 195, 417–426 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01884-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01884-3

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