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The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Renal Tubular Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium Exposure

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Abstract

Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with the risk of chronic kidney diseases. However, this association has not been reported in populations exposed to cadmium. In the present study, we examined the association between alcohol consumption and renal tubular dysfunction in populations living in cadmium-polluted areas. A total of 446 subjects (170 men and 276 women) were finally included in our analysis. The urinary cadmium (UCd) and cadmium in blood (BCd) were determined as the exposure biomarkers. Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (UNAG) and β2-microgloblin (UBMG) were measured as renal indicators. Alcohol drinking patterns were obtained from a questionnaire and divided into four categories: non-drinking, light drinking (< 3 drinks/week), moderate drinking (3–7 drinks/week), and heavy drinking (> 7 drinks /week). If UNAG was the indicator of renal dysfunction, the prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction was decreased in subjects with alcohol consumption both in men (χ2 = 8.5, p < 0.01) and women (χ2 = 8.3, p < 0.01). The odds ratio (OR) of subjects with light and moderate alcohol drinking was 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–0.99) and 0.30 (95%CI, 0.1–0.96), respectively, compared with those of non-drinkers after adjusting with the confounders in men. Similar results were observed in women with light drinking (OR = 0.33, 95%CI, 0.15–0.70). Similar trends were observed in those subjects with high BCd (> 3.0 μg/L) or UCd (> 5.0 μg/g creatinine). Our data show that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 81773460 and 81102148) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20161609).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 150 Hanzhong road, Nanjing, 210029, China

    Xiao Chen, Wenjing Cui, Na Duan & Zhongqiu Wang

  2. Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin road, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Xiao Chen

  3. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Guoying Zhu

  4. Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, 150 Dongan road, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Taiyi Jin

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  1. Xiao Chen
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Correspondence to Xiao Chen.

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Declaration of Helsinki was followed during the study. The study was approved by the institutional review board of Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, China.

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Chen, X., Cui, W., Duan, N. et al. The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Renal Tubular Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 194, 58–65 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01748-w

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