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Effects of Futsal Demands on Serum and Salivary Levels of Trace Elements and Minerals Detected by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to monitor the circulating and salivary ion concentrations by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) in futsal players submitted to the futsal-specific intermittent shuttle protocol (FISP). TXRF may allow identification of changes in ion concentrations induced by physical efforts. Saliva and blood samples of 13 male futsal players were collected before (Pre) and after (Post) the FISP. Salivary and plasma ion levels were detected by TXRF, and differences from Pre to Post (paired t test or Wilcoxon test) and correlations between both biological fluids were determined (P < 0.05). All saliva samples presented phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), bromine (Br), and rubidium (Rb). S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb were detected in all blood samples. K, Cu, Br, and Rb presented reduced secretion rate from Pre to Post samples (P < 0.05). The salivary concentrations of K (r = − 0.53) and Zn (r = 0.54) were correlated with plasmatic concentrations. After FISP, salivary secretion of S (r = − 0.76), Cl (r = − 0.64), P (r = − 0.67), Mn (r = − 0.74), and Zn (r = 0.69) were correlated with plasma levels. We concluded that TXRF may be used to monitor salivary (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Br, and Rb) and circulating (S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb) levels of several elements in futsal athletes. However, an acute bout of futsal-specific physical effort did not significantly imbalance ion concentrations in saliva or plasma.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant number 307198/2013-8). The study received scholarship grants from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, grant numbers 1798841/2018, 307198/2013-8, 1192401/2014, 1763037/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Master Student in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil

    Susana Padoin

  2. Integrado College, Campo Mourão, Brazil

    Victor Hugo de Freitas

  3. Doctor Student in Physics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil

    Daniele Aparecida Maia Cleto

  4. Master Student in Odontology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil

    Aline Campos Zeffa

  5. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy

    Fábio Yuzo Nakamura

  6. Department of Physics. Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil

    Avacir Casanova Andrello

  7. Study Group of Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair. Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil

    Solange de Paula Ramos

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  1. Susana Padoin
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  2. Victor Hugo de Freitas
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  7. Solange de Paula Ramos
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Correspondence to Solange de Paula Ramos.

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The study was performed in accordance with resolution 196/96 of the Brazilian National Health Council, and all procedures were approved by the institutional Ethics Committee in Research with Humans (protocol no. 072/2014). The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The subjects signed an informed consent to be included in the study.

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Padoin, S., de Freitas, V.H., Cleto, D.A.M. et al. Effects of Futsal Demands on Serum and Salivary Levels of Trace Elements and Minerals Detected by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence. Biol Trace Elem Res 193, 73–80 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01697-4

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