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Biochemical CuSO4 Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Depends on Sex and Developmental Stage of Exposure

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Abstract

Copper is a transition metal that exists in different chemical forms (e.g., Cu2+,Cu+, and Cu0) and at high concentrations it is toxic. Here, we investigated the Cu2+-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster, evaluating the survival, locomotion, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Flies were exposed to Cu2+(0.1–1 mmol CuSO4/kg of diet or approximately 0.1–1 mM Cu2+) and allowed to mate during 24 h. GST and AChE enzymes were evaluated in the larvae and in the head and the body (thorax + abdomen) of the adult male and females flies. The total number of adult females (0.4–1 mM) and males (0.75 and 1 mM) was decreased by CuSO4. The climbing ability was hampered in flies exposed to 1 mM Cu2+. In larvae, Cu2+(0.4–1 mM) increased AChE activity (P < 0.002). In males’ heads, 0.4 mM Cu2+ increased the AChE activity (P < 0.01). In adults’ bodies, Cu2+inhibited the activity in both sexes, but with greater effectiveness in males (0.1 to 1 mM) than in females (1 mM). Regarding GST activity, 0.1 mM Cu2+increased, but 1 mM decrease GST in larvae. In the head of flies, Cu2+decreased the GST activity at intermediate (0.4 mM) and increased GST at the highest concentration (1 mM) in males. In the bodies, the effect of Cu2+was similar. In conclusion, Cu2+exposure in D. melanogaster disrupted locomotion and enzymatic parameters that can be related to changes in AChE and in the detoxifying GST enzyme.

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Funding

This study received financial support from the Institutional Scholarship Program (PIBIC), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES), Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP), and Foundation of Support to the State of Rio Grande do Sul research (FAPERGS).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Paula Tais Halmenschelager & João Batista Teixeira da Rocha

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Halmenschelager, P.T., da Rocha, J.B.T. Biochemical CuSO4 Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Depends on Sex and Developmental Stage of Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 189, 574–585 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1475-y

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