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High Dietary Iron Differentially Influences the Iron Distribution in the Livers and the Spleens of Laying Hens After Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

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Abstract

Salmonella and the host battle for iron (Fe), due to its importance for fundamental cellular processes. To investigate Fe redistribution of Salmonella-infected hens and the effects of high dietary Fe on it, Salmonella-free hens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in 2 (two dietary Fe level) × 2 (Salmonella-inoculation or -noninoculation) factorial assignment. After feeding a basal diet supplemented with 60 (adequate, control) or 300 mg Fe/kg (high-Fe) for 4 weeks, 59-week-old Salmonella-free hens were orally inoculated with 5 × 107 colony-forming units of Salmonella Typhimurium (infection) or PBS (vehicle). Blood, spleen, and liver samples (n = 8) were collected at 14 days post-inoculation to determine Fe concentration and Fe transporters expression. Salmonella infection decreased (P < 0.05) hematocrit, serum Fe concentration, and splenic Fe concentration regardless of high-Fe or control hens, whereas increased (P < 0.05) Fe centration in the livers of high-Fe-treated hens. High dietary Fe increased hematocrit and serum Fe concentration, but did not affect (P = 0.11) splenic Fe concentration in Salmonella-infected hens. Salmonella infection did not influence (P = 0.31) liver Fe centration in control hens, but increased (P = 0.04) it in high-Fe-treated hens. High dietary Fe decreased (P < 0.01) the mRNA abundance of divalent metal transporter 1 and transferrin receptor, but increased (P < 0.02) ferroportin-1 (FPN1) mRNA and protein in the spleens and the livers regardless of Salmonella-infected or vehicle hens. Salmonella infection increased (P < 0.02) FPN1 mRNA and protein expression in the spleens, but did not influence its expression in the livers. These results suggested Salmonella infection and high dietary Fe differently influence the Fe distribution in the spleen and the liver of Salmonella-infected hens.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation in Education Department of Sichuan (035Z1017), Sichuan International Cooperation Project (2017HH0051), Meat-Chicken Industry Chain Program of Sichuan Province (2016NZ0003-02), Da Bei Nong Group Research foundation (B2016015), and Chinese Chelota Group Research Project (2016LD0001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China

    Shiping Bai, Keying Zhang, Xuemei Ding, Jianping Wang, Qiufeng Zeng, Huanwei Peng, Yue Xuan, Zuowei Su & Jie Bai

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  1. Shiping Bai
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  2. Keying Zhang
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  3. Xuemei Ding
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Correspondence to Shiping Bai.

Ethics declarations

All animals used in this study were cared for strictly following the current regulations on the care, use, and handling of experimental animals that was approved by the Animal Health and Care Committee of Sichuan Agricultural University, in accordance with Chinese legislation on animal welfare.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 4 Composition and nutrient level of the basal diet (air-dry basis, %)
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Appendix 2

Table 5 Influences of high dietary iron and Salmonella infection on the performance of laying hens
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Bai, S., Zhang, K., Ding, X. et al. High Dietary Iron Differentially Influences the Iron Distribution in the Livers and the Spleens of Laying Hens After Salmonella Typhimurium Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 185, 497–508 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1275-4

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