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Elemental Analysis of Whole and Protein Separated Blood Serum of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren’s Syndrome

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Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) are systemic autoimmune diseases with complex symptoms and pathogenesis that are still not completely understood. Several studies showed that the trace element homeostasis and also the levels of antioxidant plasma proteins are changed in autoimmune disorders; however, these results are controversial. In this study, the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations of the serum and proteins—immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Trf), albumin (Alb), and ceruloplasmin (Cp)—separated from serum samples by affinity chromatography were determined in patients with SLE and SS. Ca and K levels were found to be decreased in the case of both disorders compared to the control group, and the competitive antagonism of Cu and Zn was also observed: elevated Cu concentration together with a lower Zn concentration was measured in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. After fractionation, the trace element concentration of protein containing fractions altered to that of the control group. In case of the autoimmune disorders, the highest Cu concentration was determined in the Alb-containing protein fractions while the Zn level decreased in the Alb and increased in the Cp as well as in the IgG- and Trf-containing fractions compared to the healthy samples. Changes have also been found in the level and distribution of K and Ca.

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Abbreviations

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

Trf:

Transferrin

Alb:

Albumin

Cp:

Ceruloplasmin

SS:

Sjögren’s syndrome

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Ca:

Calcium

K:

Potassium

Mg:

Magnesium

Cu:

Copper

Zn:

Zinc

Fe:

Iron

MP-AES:

Microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer

GFAAS:

Graphite furnice atomic absorption spectrometer

LOD:

Limit of detection

Tris–HCl:

Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane–hydrogen chloride

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Acknowledgements

Csilla Noémi Tóth was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TÁMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 “National Excellence Program.” The research was supported by the EU and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the project GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00008. We would like to highly acknowledge Agilent Technologies (Novo-Lab Ltd.) for providing the MP-AES 4200 instrument for the elemental analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary

    Csilla Noémi Tóth & Edina Baranyai

  2. Division of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zs. str. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary

    István Csípő, Tünde Tarr & Margit Zeher

  3. Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary

    József Posta & István Fábián

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  1. Csilla Noémi Tóth
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Correspondence to Edina Baranyai.

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Informed consent was obtained from patients. The experiment was approved by the Regional and Institutional Ethics Committee (University of Debrecen) and was conducted in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration.

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Tóth, C.N., Baranyai, E., Csípő, I. et al. Elemental Analysis of Whole and Protein Separated Blood Serum of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren’s Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 179, 14–22 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-0945-y

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