Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Involved in Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxic Potential in HeLa Cells

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokines and their involvement in the cytotoxic potential of fluoride (F) in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were cultured with varying F concentrations (1–50 mg/L) for 48 h, and treatment effects were analyzed. The viability of HeLa cells was determined with a colorimetric method. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-a in culture supernatant were measured through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-a were subjected to transcript analysis and quantified through reverse transcription real-time PCR. Results showed that 10, 20 and 50 mg/L F significantly decreased the viability of HeLa cells incubated for 24 and 48 h. With their cytotoxic effect, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-a decreased significantly in response to F, especially at 20 and 50 mg/L for 48 h. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-a were downregulated at 50 mg/L F for 48 h. Therefore, F inhibited HeLa cell growth; as such, F could be used to alleviate the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li FC, Guan ZZ (2014) Synergistic intoxication with aluminum and fluoride in patients in an area of coal burning endemic fluorosis. Fluoride 47:283–286

    Google Scholar 

  2. Yan XY, Hao XH, Nie QL, Feng CP, Wang HW, Sun ZL, Niu RY, Wang JD (2015) Effects of fluoride on the ultrastructure and expression of type I collagen in rat hard tissue. Chemosphere 128:36–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Yan X, Yan X, Morrison A, Han TL, Chen Q, Li J, Wang J (2011) Fluoride induces apoptosis and alters collagen I expression in rat osteoblasts. Toxicol Lett 200:133–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yan X, Feng C, Chen Q, Li W, Wang H, Lv L, Smith GW, Wang J (2009) Effects of sodium fluoride treatment in vitro on cell proliferation, apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA expression by neonatal rat osteoblasts. Arch Toxicol 83:451–458

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Li WT, Yang LF, Zhou BH, Yan XY, Wang JD (2006) Effect of industrial fluoride pollution on COL2A1 gene expression in rib cartilage of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Fluoride 39:285–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Li WT, Yang LF, Ren YC, Yan XY, Wang JD (2007) Quantification of rib COL1A2 gene expression in healthy and fluorosed Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Fluoride 40:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lou DD, Guan ZZ, Pei JJ (2014) Alterations of apoptosis and expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the cerebral cortices of rats with chronic fluorosis. Fluoride 47:199–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang H, Yang Z, Zhou B, Gao H, Yan X, Wang J (2009) Fluoride-induced thyroid dysfunction in rats: roles of dietary protein and calcium level. Toxicol Ind Health 25:49–57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Jia R, Xue W, Luo Y, Gan X (2013) Effects of fluoride on liver apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax protein expression in freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. Chemosphere 91:1203–1212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou BH, Zhao J, Liu J, Zhang JL, Li J, Wang HW (2015) Fluoride-induced oxidative stress is involved in the morphological damage and dysfunction of liver in female mice. Chemosphere 139:504–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhou BH, Wang HW, Wang JM, Zhang JH, Yan XY, Wang JD (2007) Effects of malnutrition and supplemented nutrition on nonspecific immune function changes induced by fluoride in rabbits. Fluoride 40:169–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhou BH, Wang HW, Wang JM, Zhang JH, Yan XY, Wang JD (2009) Effects of malnutrition and supplemented nutrition on specific immune parameter changes induced by fluoride in rabbits. Fluoride 42:216–223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Deng YB, Cui HM, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo ZC, Deng JL, Luo Q (2013) High dietary fluorine alteration of serum cytokine and immunoglobulin in broilers. Fluoride 46:118–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhou BR, Luo GY, Wang C, Niu RY, Wang JD (2014) Effect of fluoride on expression of cytokines in the hippocampus of adult rats. Fluoride 4:191–198

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao J, Wang HW, Tian EJ, Dong FM, Zhou BH (2014) Toxic effects of fluoride on primary lymphoid organs and white blood cells in females mice. Fluoride 47:227–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang H, Zhou B, Cao J, Gu X, Cao C, Wang J (2009) Effects of dietary protein and calcium on thymus apoptosis induced by fluoride in female rats (Wistar rats). Environ Toxicol 24:218–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Appelbe P, Marinho VC, Shi X (2010) Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20:CD007868

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yee R, Holmgren C, Mulder J, Lama D, Walker D, van Palenstein Helderman W (2009) Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for arresting caries treatment. J Dent Res 88:644–647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bültzingslöwen I, Jontell M (1999) Macrophages, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in rat buccal mucosa and dental pulp following 5-fluorouracil treatment. Eur J Oral Sci 107:194–201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Acra AM, Sakagami H, Matsuta T, Adachi K, Otsuki S, Nakajima H, Koh T, Machino M, Ogihara T, Watanabe K, Watanabe S, Salgado AV, Bastida NM (2012) Effect of three fluoride compounds on the growth of oral normal and tumor cells. In Vivo 26:657–664

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Fehniger TA, Shah MH, Turner MJ, VanDeusen JB, Whitman SP, Cooper MA, Suzuki K, Wechser M, Goodsaid F, Caligiuri MA (1999) Differential cytokine and chemokine gene expression by human NK cells following activation with IL-18 or IL-15 in combination with IL-12: implications for the innate immune response. J Immunol 162:4511–4520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nomura I, Goleva E, Howell MD, Hamid QA, Ong PY, Hall CF, Darst MA, Gao B, Boguniewicz M, Travers JB, Leung DY (2003) Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis, as compared to psoriasis, skin prevents induction of innate immune response genes. J Immunol 171:3262–3269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420:860–867

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Lu X, Chen J, Malumbres R, Cubedo Gil E, Helfman DM, Lossos IS (2007) HGAL, a lymphoma prognostic biomarker, interacts with the cytoskeleton and mediates the effects of IL-6 on cell migration. Blood 110:4268–4277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Gabay C (2006) Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 8(Suppl 2):S3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Stumhofer JS, Laurence A, Wilson EH, Huang E, Tato CM, Johnson LM, Villarino AV, Huang Q, Yoshimura A, Sehy D, Saris CJ, O’Shea JJ, Hennighausen L, Ernst M, Hunter CA (2006) Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 7:937–945

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Federico A, Morgillo F, Tuccillo C, Ciardiello F, Loguercio C (2007) Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in human carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 121:2381–2386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yan L, Liu S, Wang C, Wang F, Song Y, Yan N, Xi S, Liu Z, Sun G (2013) JNK and NADPH oxidase involved in fluoride-induced oxidative stress in BV-2 microglia cells. Mediat Inflamm 2013:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is sponsored by the China National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 31201963).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, Luoyang, 471003, People’s Republic of China

    Hong-wei Wang, Bian-hua Zhou, Jian-wen Cao, Jing Zhao, Wen-peng Zhao & Pan-pan Tan

Authors
  1. Hong-wei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bian-hua Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jian-wen Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jing Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wen-peng Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pan-pan Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong-wei Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Hw., Zhou, Bh., Cao, Jw. et al. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Involved in Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxic Potential in HeLa Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 175, 98–102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0749-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0749-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation