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Bioaccessibility of Copper in Turkish Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) by Chemical Fractionation and In Vitro Methods

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Abstract

Copper is known as either an essential or toxic trace element in foods to living organisms at sufficient or excess intake levels, respectively. In this study, in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion methods combined with n-octanol extraction and activated carbon adsorption were applied to Turkish hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) to evaluate the bioaccessibility of copper. Additionally, analytical fractionation procedures based on water, diethyl ether, n-hexane, and methanol extractions were applied to identify copper-related matrix structures. The macrochemical compositions of the samples were determined to be associated with the fractionation results. The total contents of copper in the samples, digests, and fractions were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion, and additional validation was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.016 and 0.053 mg kg−1, respectively. The bioaccessibility of copper was found to be in the range from 16 to 31 % for hazelnut samples. The recommended dietary allowance of copper for adults is 0.9 mg daily, and considering this value, 100 g of hazelnuts supplies 33–44 % of daily copper intake.

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Acknowledgments

Some of this work is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author, which was accepted on July 10, 2013, by the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Uludag University. This work was supported by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Uludag University [Project No F- 2008/25].

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey

    Umran Seven Erdemir & Seref Gucer

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  1. Umran Seven Erdemir
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  2. Seref Gucer
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Correspondence to Umran Seven Erdemir.

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Erdemir, U.S., Gucer, S. Bioaccessibility of Copper in Turkish Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) by Chemical Fractionation and In Vitro Methods. Biol Trace Elem Res 167, 146–154 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0281-z

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