Skip to main content

Copper in Organic Proteinate or Inorganic Sulfate Form is Equally Bioavailable for Broiler Chicks Fed a Conventional Corn–Soybean Meal Diet

Biological Trace Element Research volume 147, pages 142–148 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of organic copper (Cu) proteinate relative to inorganic Cu sulfate for broiler chicks fed a conventional corn–soybean meal basal diet. A total of 320 day-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were assigned to one of five treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of added Cu (125 or 250 mg Cu/kg) and two Cu sources (Cu proteinate and Cu sulfate) plus a control with no added Cu for an experimental phase of 42 days. Plasma and liver tissue samples were collected at both 21 and 42 days of age, and bile samples were also obtained at 42 days of age for Cu analyses. The Cu concentrations in liver and bile increased linearly (P < 0.001) on both days 21 and 42 as dietary Cu levels increased. No significant (P > 0.17) linear regression relationships were observed between plasma Cu concentrations on days 21 and 42 or log10 liver Cu concentration on day 21 and daily analyzed Cu intake. Therefore, based on the slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of log10 liver and bile Cu concentrations with daily analyzed Cu intake on day 42, when Cu sulfate was set as 100%, the estimated relative bioavailability values of Cu proteinate were 78.8% for log10 liver Cu concentration and 79.3% for log10 bile Cu concentration, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.08) difference in bioavailability between Cu proteinate and Cu sulfate for broilers chicks in this experiment.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Leeson S (2009) Copper metabolism and dietary needs. World Poult Sci J 65:353–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Baker DH, Ammerman CB (1995) Copper bioavailability. In: Ammerman CB, Baker DH, Lewis AJ (eds) Bioavailability of nutrients: amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Academic, San Diego, pp 127–156

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baker D, Odle J, Funk M, Wieland T (1991) Bioavailability of copper in cupric oxide, cuprous oxide, and in a copper–lysine complex. Poult Sci 70:177–179

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aoyagi S, Baker DH (1993) Nutritional evaluation of a copper–methionine complex for chicks. Poult Sci 72:2309–2315

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Guo R, Henry PR, Holwerda RA, Cao J, Littell RC, Miles RD, Ammerman CB (2001) Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry. J Anim Sci 79:1132–1141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pott E, Henry P, Ammerman C, Merritt A, Madison J, Miles R (1994) Relative bioavailability of copper in a copperlysine complex for chicks and lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 45:193–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Miles RD, Henry PR, Sampath VC, Shivazad M, Comer CW (2003) Relative bioavailability of novel amino acid chelates of manganese and copper for chicks. J Appl Poult Res 12:417–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Das TK, Mondal MK, Biswas P, Bairagi B, Samanta CC (2010) Influence of level of dietary inorganic and organic copper and energy level on the performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens. Asian Aust J Anim 23:82–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jegede AV, Oduguwa OO, Bamgbose AM, Fanimo AO, Nollet L (2011) Growth response, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers fed on diets supplemented with organic and inorganic dietary copper sources. Br Poult Sci 52:133–139

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nollet L, Huyghebaert G, Spring P (2008) Effect of different levels of dietary organic (Bioplex) trace minerals on live performance of broiler chickens by growth phases. J Appl Poult Res 17:109–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ao T, Pierce JL, Power R, Pescatore AJ, Cantor AH, Dawson KA, Ford MJ (2009) Effects of feeding different forms of zinc and copper on the performance and tissue mineral content of chicks. Poult Sci 88:2171–2175

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. McNaughton JL, Day EJ, Dilworth BC, Lott B (1974) Iron and copper availability from various sources. Poult Sci 53:1325–1330

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Aoyagi S, Baker DH (1993) Bioavailability of copper in analytical-grade and feed-grade inorganic copper sources when fed to provide copper at levels below the chick’s requirement. Poult Sci 72:1075–1083

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ledoux DR, Henry PR, Ammerman CB, Miles RD (1989) Effect of dietary copper on tissue mineral composition as an estimate of copper bioavailability in broiler chicks. Nutr Rep Int 39:1117–1126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ledoux D, Henry P, Ammerman C, Rao P, Miles R (1991) Estimation of the relative bioavailability of inorganic copper sources for chicks using tissue uptake of copper. J Anim Sci 69:215–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Miles RD, O’Keefe SF, Henry PR, Ammerman CB, Luo XG (1998) The effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on broiler performance, relative copper bioavailability, and dietary prooxidant activity. Poult Sci 77:416–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Luo XG, Ji F, Lin YX, Steward FA, Lu L, Liu B, Yu SX (2005) Effects of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on broiler performance, relative copper bioavailability, and oxidation stability of vitamin E in feed. Poult Sci 84:888–893

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenblum C, Leach R (1985) Biliary copper excretion in the chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 8:47–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Aoyagi S, Baker DH (1993) Biological efficacy of copper in chicken bile. J Nutr 123:870–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Li SF, Lin YX, Lu L, Xi L, Wang ZY, Hao SF, Zhang LY, Li K, Luo XG (2011) An estimation of the manganese requirement for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Biol Trace Elem Res 143:939–948

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. NRC (1994) Nutrient requirement for poultry, 9th edn. National Academies Press, Washington, p 62

    Google Scholar 

  22. Holwerda RAAR, Madsen FC (1995) Chelation effectiveness of zinc proteins demonstrated. Feedstuffs 67(12–13):23

    Google Scholar 

  23. AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, pp 40–90

    Google Scholar 

  24. Li SF, Lu L, Hao SF, Wang YP, Zhang LY, Liu SB, Liu B, Li K, Luo XG (2011) Dietary manganese modulates expression of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene in chickens. J Nutr 141:189–194

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. SAS (1998) SAS user’s guide: statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary

    Google Scholar 

  26. Littell R, Henry P, Lewis A, Ammerman C (1997) Estimation of relative bioavailability of nutrients using SAS procedures. J Anim Sci 75:2672–2683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Li SF, Luo XG, Liu B, Crenshaw TD, Kuang X, Shao GZ, Yu SX (2004) Use of chemical characteristics to predict the relative bioavailability of supplemental organic manganese sources for broilers. J Anim Sci 82:2352–2363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Huang YL, Lu L, Li SF, Luo XG, Liu B (2009) Relative bioavailabilities of organic zinc sources with different chelation strengths for broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet. J Anim Sci 87:2038–2046

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wideman R Jr, Kirby YK, Barton T, Clark D, Bayyari G, Huff W, Moore P Jr, Dunn P (1996) Excess dietary copper triggers enlargement of the proventriculus in broilers. J Appl Poult Res 5:219–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Su RS, Wang RM, Cao HB, Pan JQ, Chen LJ, Li CM, Shi DY, Tang ZX (2011) High copper levels promotes broiler hepatocyte mitochondrial permeability transition in vivo and in vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9015-z

  31. Li SF, Luo XG, Lu L, Crenshaw TD, Bu YQ, Liu B, Kuang X, Shao GZ, Yu SX (2005) Bioavailability of organic manganese sources in broilers fed high dietary calcium. Anim Feed Sci Technol 123–124, Part 2:703–715

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wang FL, Lu L, Li SF, Liu SB, Zhang LY, Yao JH, Luo XG (2011) Relative bioavailability of manganese proteinate for broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9238-z

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Alltech Inc. (3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, Kentucky 40356, USA), China Agriculture Research System (project no. CARS-42; Beijing, People’s Republic of China) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (project no. 200903006; Beijing, People’s Republic of China).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, Peoples’ Republic of China

    Songbai Liu, Lin Lu, Sufen Li, Jingjing Xie, Liyang Zhang & Xugang Luo

  2. Department of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Peoples’ Republic of China

    Sufen Li

  3. Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Peoples’ Republic of China

    Runlian Wang

Authors
  1. Songbai Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lin Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sufen Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jingjing Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Liyang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Runlian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xugang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xugang Luo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, S., Lu, L., Li, S. et al. Copper in Organic Proteinate or Inorganic Sulfate Form is Equally Bioavailable for Broiler Chicks Fed a Conventional Corn–Soybean Meal Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 147, 142–148 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9329-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9329-5

Keywords

  • Cu proteinate
  • Bioavailability
  • Broiler chicks