Effect of Dietary Selenium and Cancer Cell Xenograft on Peripheral T and B Lymphocytes in Adult Nude Mice

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is known to regulate tumorigenesis and immunity at the nutritional and supranutritional levels. Because the immune system provides critical defenses against cancer and the athymic, immune-deficient NU/J nude mice are known to gradually develop CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells, we investigated whether B and T cell maturation could be modulated by dietary Se and by tumorigenesis in nude mice. Fifteen homozygous nude mice were fed a Se-deficient, Torula yeast basal diet alone (Se−) or supplemented with 0.15 (Se+) or 1.0 (Se++) mg Se/kg (as Na₂SeO₄) for 6 months, followed by a 7-week time course of PC-3 prostate cancer cell xenograft (2 × 10⁶ cells/site, 2 sites/mouse). Here, we show that peripheral B cell levels decreased in nude mice fed the Se −  or Se++ diet and the CD4⁺ T cell levels increased in mice fed the Se++ diet. During the PC-3 cell tumorigenesis, dietary Se status did not affect peripheral CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in nude mice whereas mice fed with the Se++ diet appeared to exhibit greater peripheral CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells on day 9. Dietary Se status did not affect spleen weight in nude mice 7 weeks after the xenograft. Spleen weight was associated with frequency of peripheral CD4⁺, but not CD8⁺ T cells. Taken together, dietary Se at the nutritional and supranutritional levels regulates peripheral B and T cells in adult nude mice before and after xenograft with PC-3 prostate cancer cells.