Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separation/Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Aluminum in Dialysate Solution and Scalp Hair Samples of Kidney Failure Patients

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new method is reported for the separation of aluminum ions (Al3+) from interfering cations in pharmaceutical and biological samples through solid-phase extraction (SPE) using 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hydroxyquinaldine) on activated silica. While separated Al3+ was preconcentrated by cloud point extraction (CPE) using 3,5,7,2′-4′-pentahydroxyflavone (morin) as complexing reagent, the resulting complex was entrapped in nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) as prior step to its determination by spectrofluorimetry (SPF). The validity of separation/preconcentration of Al3+ was checked by certified reference material of human hair and standard addition method. The chemical variables affecting the analytical performance of the separation/preconcentration methods were studied and optimized. The enrichment factor and detection limit of Al3+ for the preconcentration of 10 ml of dialysate solution and acid-digested samples of scalp hair samples were found to be 25 and 0.34 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation for six replicates of standard containing 20 μg/L of Al3+ was <10%. In all DS, the concentration of Al was >10 μg/L. The level of Al in scalp hair samples of kidney failure patients was higher than healthy controls.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tria J, Butler ECV, Bowie PA (2007) Determination of aluminium in natural water samples. Anal Chim Acta 588:153–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yokel RA, Golub MS (1997) Aluminium toxicity and resistance in plants. In: Yokel RA, Golub MS (eds) Research issues in aluminum toxicity. Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA

  3. Klein GL (2005) Aluminium: new recognition of an old problem. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5:637–640

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hegde ML, Shanmugavelu P, Vengamma B, Rao TSS, Menon RB, Rao RV, Rao KSJ (2004) Serum trace element levels and the complexity of inter element relations in patients with Parkinson disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:163–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shokrollahi A, Ghaedi M, Niband MS, Rajabi HR (2008) Selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of sub-micro-molar amounts of aluminium ion. J Hazard Mater 151:642–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rondeau V, Commenges D, Jacquin-Gadda H, Dartigues JF (2000) Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer’s disease: an 8-year follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 152:59–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Egbuna OI, Bose A (2005) Acute aluminum neurotoxicity secondary to treatment of severe hyperphosphatemia of acute renal failure and the K/DOQI guidelines: a case report and review of the literature. J Nephrol 2:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kazi TG, Khan S, Baig JA, Kolachi NF, Afridi HI, Shah AQ (2010) Determination of trace quantity of aluminium in dialysate concentrates using solid phase and cloud point extraction methods. Anal Methods 2:558–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Daugirdas JT, Ing TS (1994) Handbook on dialysis. Little brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  10. Advenier E, Landry C, Colomb V, Cognon C, Pradeau D, Florent M, Goulet O, Ricour C, Corriol O (2003) Aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition and aluminum loading in children on long-term parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 36:448–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Buratti M, Valla C, Pellegrino O, Rubino FM, Colombi A (2006) Aluminium determination in biological fluids and dialysis concentrates via chelation with 8-hyroxyquinoline and solvent extraction/fluorimetry. Anal Biochem 353:63–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Komarek J, Cervenka R, Ruzicka T, Kuban V (2007) ET-AAS determination of aluminium in dialysis concentrates after continuous flow solvent extraction. J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 45:504–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Erdemoglu SB, Pyrzyniska K, Gucer S (2000) Speciation of aluminium in tea infusion by ion-exchange resins and flame AAS detection. Anal Chim Acta 411:81–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Luo MB, Bi SP (2003) Solid phase extraction-spectrophotometric determination of dissolved aluminium in soil extracts and ground waters. J Inorg Biochem 97:173–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Narin I, Tuzen M, Soylak M (2004) Aluminium determination in environmental samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-1180/pyrocatechol violet chelating resin. Talanta 63:411–418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sang HB, Liang P, Du D (2008) Determination of trace aluminium in biological and water samples by cloud point extraction preconcentration and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection. J Hazard Mater 154:1127–1132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Soylak M, Sahin U, Ulgen A, Elci L, Dogan M (1997) Determination of aluminium at trace level in water samples by visible absorption spectroscopy with a laser diode. Anal Sci 13:287–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yao SZ, Chen XM, Nie LH (1990) Fibre optical sensor with bio-membrane supported immobilized morin for aluminium determination. Mikrochim Acta 1:299–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Al-Kindy S, Badia R, Diaz-Garcia ME (2002) Fluorimetric monitoring of molecular imprinted polymer recognition events for aluminium. Anal Lett 35:1763–1774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Klein GI (2003) Aluminuim contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and its impact on the pediatric patient. Nutr Clin Pract 18:302–307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Raggi MA, Sabbioni C, Cantelli Forti G (2000) Chemometric approach to voltammetric determination of aluminum in saline samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 21:1191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bulut VN, Arslan D, Ozdes D, Soylak M, Tufekci M (2010) Preconcentration, separation and spectrophotometric determination of aluminium(III) in water samples and dialysis concentrates at trace levels with 8-hydroxyquinoline-cobalt(II) coprecipitation system. J Hazard Mater 182:331–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Li Z, Lu N, Zhou X, Song Q (2007) Extraction spectrophotometric determination of aluminum in dialysis concentrates with 3,5-ditertbutylsalicylfluorone and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-trimethylsilyl- imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 43:1609–1614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Knezevic S, Milacic R, Veber M (1998) ETAAS determination of aluminium and copper in dialysis concentrates after microcolumn chelating ion-exchange preconcentration. Fresenius J Anal Chem 362:162–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ohashi A, Tsuguchi A, Imura H, Ohashi K (2004) Synergistic cloud point extraction behaviour of Al (111) with 2-methyl-8-quinolinol and 3,5-Dichlorophenol. Anal Sci 20:1091–1093

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hong-zhen L, Kang Y, Bi S, Yasin A, Shao D, Chen Y, Dai L, Tian L (2003) Morin applied in speciation of aluminium in natural waters and biological samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 376:542–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Khanchi A, Faraji M, Saleh A (2010) A simple and rapid new dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of aluminium in water samples. J Hazard Mater 178:766–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Katyal M (1968) Flavones as analytical reagent—a review. Talanta 15:95–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gutierrez AC, Gehlen MH (2002) Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of quercetin and morin complexes with Al3+. Spectrochim Acta Part A 58:83–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ahmed MJ, Hossan J (1995) Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium by morin. Talanta 42:1135–1142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Al-Kindy SMZ, Suliman FO, Salama SB (2003) A sequential injection method for the determination of aluminum in drinking water using fluorescence enhancement of aluminium morin in the presence of micelles. Microchem J 74:173–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lian HZ, Kang YF, Yasin A, Bi SP, Shao DL, Chen YJ, Dai LM, Tian LC (2003) Determination of aluminium in environmental and biological samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography via pre-column complexation with morin. J Chromatogr A 993:179–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fernandez P, Conde CP, Gutierrez A, Camara C (1991) On-line aluminium preconcentration on chelating resin and its FIA-spectrofluorimetric determination in foods and dialysis concentrates. Talanta 38:1387–1392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tabrizi AB (2007) Cloud point extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminium and zinc in foodstuffs and water samples. Food Chem 100:1698–1703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Park CI, Cha KW (2000) Spectrofluorimetric method for determination of aluminium with chromotropic acid and its application to water samples. Talanta 51:769–774

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tuzen M, Soylak M (2008) Biosorption of aluminum on Pseudomonas aeruginosa loaded on chromosorb 106 prior to its graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination. J Hazard Mater 154:519–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lian H, Kang Y, Bi S, Yasin A, Shao D, Li D, Chen Y, Dai L, Tian L (2004) Direct determination of trace aluminum with quercetin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 62:43–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bi S, Yang X, Zhang F, Wang X, Zou G (2001) Analytical methodologies for aluminium speciation in environmental and biological samples—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 370:984–996

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kazi TG, Jalbani N, Kazi N, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Afridi HI, Kandhro A, Pirzado Z (2008) Evaluation of toxic metals in blood and urine samples of chronic renal failure patients, before and after dialysis. Ren Fail 30:737–745

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Neiva TJC, Benedetti AL, Santos JI, Damico EA (2002) Determination of serum aluminum, platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation in hemodialyzed patients. Braz J Med Biol Res 35:345–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Sargazi M, Shenkin A, Roberts NB (2006) Aluminium-induced injury to kidney proximal tubular cells: effects on markers of oxidative damage. J Trace Elem Med Biol 19:267–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rodrigues JL, Magalhaes CS, Luccas PO (2005) Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of Al in hemodialysis solutions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 36:1119–1123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Sumaira Khan, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Jameel Ahmed Baig, Hassan Imran Afridi & Nida Fatima Kolachi

Authors
  1. Sumaira Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tasneem Gul Kazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jameel Ahmed Baig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hassan Imran Afridi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nida Fatima Kolachi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tasneem Gul Kazi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Khan, S., Kazi, T.G., Baig, J.A. et al. Separation/Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Aluminum in Dialysate Solution and Scalp Hair Samples of Kidney Failure Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 144, 205–216 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9070-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9070-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation