Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Plasma Levels of Zinc, Copper, Copper/Zinc Ratio, and Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase in Equine Piroplasmosis

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have determined the plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio, and carbonic anhydrase activity in horses infected with Babesia equi. The study was conducted in 14 horses with the disease and 10 healthy animals that served as controls. The infection was confirmed by the clinical manifestations of the disease and by Giemsa staining of thin blood smears showing the parasites inside red blood cells. The horses with piroplasmosis had lower plasma levels of zinc, elevated copper, and increased activity of carbonic anhydrase. Consequently, the copper/zinc ratio was also higher than in the healthy controls.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. de Waal DT (1992) Equine piroplasmosis: a review. Br Vet J 148:6–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Homer MJ, Aguilar-Delfin A, Telford SR III, Krause PJ, Persing DH (2000) Babesiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 13(3):451–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW (2000) Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, 9th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1289–1291

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chaturvedi UC, Shrivastava R, Upreti RK (2004) Viral infections and trace elements: a complex interaction. Curr Sci 87:1536–1554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lukaski HC (2004) Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition 20(7–8):615–619

    Google Scholar 

  6. Van Weyenbergh J, Santana G, D’Oliveira A Jr, Santos AF Jr, Costa CH, Carvalho EM, Barral A, Barral-Netto M (2004) Zinc/copper imbalance reflects immune dysfunction in human leishmaniasis: an ex vivo and in vitro study. BMC Infect Dis 4:50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Failla ML (2003) Trace elements and host defense: recent advances and continuing challenges. J Nutr 133:1443–1447

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wellinghausen N, Jöchle W, Reuter S, Flegel WA, Grünert A, Kern P (1999) Zinc status in patients with alveolar echinococcosis is related to disease progression. Parasite Immunol 21(5):237–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lindskog S, Wislrand PJ (1989) Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase. In: Sandier M, Smith HJ (eds) Design of enzyme inhibitors as drugs. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 698–723

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lindskog S (1997) Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase. Pharmacol Ther 74:1–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Conway J (2004) Carbonic anhydrase—its inhibitors and activators. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA

    Google Scholar 

  12. Greenberg WE, Trusell RR, Clescer LS (1996) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 60th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, pp 143–179

    Google Scholar 

  13. Longbottom JE, Martin TD, Edgell KW, Long SE, Plantz MR, Warden BE (1994) Determination of trace elements in water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: collaborative study. J AOAC Int 77(4):1004–1023

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Maren TA (1960) A simplified micromethod for the determination of carbonic anhydrase and 1+5 inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 72:77–87

    Google Scholar 

  15. Underwood EJ (1977) Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. Academic, New York, p 208

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mocchegiani E, Muzzioli M (2000) Therapeutic application of zinc in human immunodeficiency virus against opportunistic infections. J Nutr 130:1424–1431

    Google Scholar 

  17. Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Campa A (2000) Zinc status in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Nutr 130:1421–1423

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wirth JJ, Fraker PJ, Kierszenbaum F (1989) Zinc requirement for macrophage function: effect of zinc deficiency on uptake and killing of protozoan parasite. Immunology 68:114–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kocyigit A, Erel O, Gurel MS, Avci S, Aktepe N (1998) Alterations of serum selenium, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations and, some related antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 65(3):271–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ece A, Uyamik BS, Iscan A, Ertan P, Yigitoglu MR (1997) Increased serum copper and decreased serum zinc levels in children with iron deficiency anemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 59(1–3):31–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gürgöze MK, Olçücü A, Aygün AD, Taskin E, Kiliç M (2006) Serum and hair levels of zinc, selenium, iron, and copper in children with iron-deficiency anemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 111(1–3):23–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Scott ME, Koski KG (2000) Zinc deficiency impairs immune responses against parasitic nematode infections at intestinal and systemic sites. J Nutr 130:1412S–1420S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sullivan JL, Ochs HD (1978) Copper deficiency and the immune system. Lancet 2:686

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Deger S, Biçek K, Deger Y (2005) The changes in some of biochemical parameters (iron, copper, vitamin C and vitamin E) in infected cattle with theileriosis. YYU Vet Fak Derg 16(1):49–50

    Google Scholar 

  25. Turgut S, Polat A, Inan M, Turgut G, Emmungil G, Bican M, Karakus TY, Genc O (2007) Interaction between anemia and blood levels of iron, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in children. Indian J Pediatr 74:827–830

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Healy J, Tipton K (2007) Ceruloplasmin and what it might do. J Neurol Transm 114(6):777–781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ambawat HK, Malhotra DV, Kumar S, Dhar S (1999) Erythrocyte associated haemato-biochemical changes in Babesia equi infection experimentally produced in donkeys. Vet Parasitol 85(4):319–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mafra D, Cozzolino SMF (2004) Erythrocyte zinc and carbonic anhydrase levels in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Biochem 37:67–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lin CC, Huang JF, Tsai LY, Huang YL (2006) Selenium, iron, copper, and zinc levels and copper-to-zinc ratios in serum of patients at different stages of viral hepatic diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 109:15–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yörük I, Deger Y, Mert H, Mert N (2007) Serum concentration of copper, zinc, iron and cobalt and the copper/zinc ratio in horses with equine herpesvirus-1. Biol Trace Elem Res 118(1):38–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Semiha Dede.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dede, S., Değer, Y., Değer, S. et al. Plasma Levels of Zinc, Copper, Copper/Zinc Ratio, and Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase in Equine Piroplasmosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 125, 41–45 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8136-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8136-5

Keywords

Navigation