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Green One-Step Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from Schinus areira Leaf Extract: Characterization and Antibacterial Mechanism Analysis

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Abstract

The increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious health problem worldwide. In this sense, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received increasing attention for their antimicrobial activity. In this context, the goal of this study was to produce AgNPs by a green synthesis protocol using an aqueous leaf extract of Schinus areira as biocomposite to later characterize their antimicrobial action. The nanomaterials obtained were characterized by UV‒vis spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, and Raman, confirming the presence of quasi-spherical AgNPs with a negative surface charge and diameter around 11 nm. Afterward, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of the AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were obtained, showing high antibacterial activity. In both of the examined bacteria, the AgNPs were able to raise intracellular ROS levels. In E. coli, the AgNPs can harm the bacterial membrane as well. Overall, it can be concluded that it was possible to obtain AgNPs with colloidal stability and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our findings point to at least two separate mechanisms that can cause cell death, one of which involves bacterial membrane damage and the other of which involves intracellular ROS induction.

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Data Availability

All the data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files). Row data generated will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Raman spectra were obtained through “Sistema Nacional de Microscopía – Argentina” in equipment located in INBIONATEC-CONICET. The author also acknowledges Dr. Jorge Gomes Rojas for Raman spectra acquisitions. AC, PRD, and AH are members of the Research Career of CONICET. AFM and AB acknowledged their fellowship from CONICET, and AB also acknowledged her fellowship from Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero.

Funding

This work received financial support from ANPCyT-FONCyT: PICT 2017–2349 (Dr. Hollmann); PICT 2018–03862 (Dr. Dalmasso); Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero: PI-UNSE 23A/250 (Dr. Hollmann); and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional: PID IPUTICO0005300TC and PID PAECBCO0008294TC (Dr. Dalmasso.

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  1. Anike P. V. Ferreyra Maillard and Anahí Bordón equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN 9 Km 1125, 4206, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Anike P. V. Ferreyra Maillard, Anahí Bordón, Andrea C. Cutro & Axel Hollmann

  2. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN 9 Km 1125, 4206, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Anahí Bordón

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Calle Reforma del 18 N° 1234, 4200, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

    Andrea C. Cutro

  4. CIQA, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Maestro López Esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina

    Pablo R. Dalmasso

  5. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina

    Axel Hollmann

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Anike P. V. Ferreyra Maillard and Anahí Bordón: conceptualization and methodology; Andrea C. Cutro: methodology; Pablo R. Dalmasso: conceptualization, writing — review and editing, and funding acquisition; and Axel Hollmann: conceptualization, writing — original draft, supervision, and funding acquisition.

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Ferreyra Maillard, A.P.V., Bordón, A., Cutro, A.C. et al. Green One-Step Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from Schinus areira Leaf Extract: Characterization and Antibacterial Mechanism Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 1104–1121 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04591-x

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