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Catechin from Anonna senegalensis is a Potential Inhibitor of Erectile Dysfunction: Implication for Its Use in Male Sexual Enhancement

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Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major challenge for men. The drugs for its treatment are associated with side effects. Hence, in phytomedicinal research, where Anonna senegalensis (A. senegalensis) is a candidate with abundant phytochemicals possessing various pharmacological properties, but the sex-enhancing phytochemical is elusive in the literature. This study aimed to understand the molecular interaction of its potent molecule mediating male sexual enhancement. A library of 69 compounds from A. senegalensis was docked against the ED-targeted proteins. Sildenafil citrate was used as the reference standard. Thereafter, the lead compound was screened for drug-likeness by applying the Lipinski rule of 5 (RO5), pharmacokinetic properties, and bioactivity using SwissADME and Molinspiration web servers, respectively. The results show catechin as the lead phytochemical compound with a stronger binding affinity for most of the proteins of ED. Also, catechin demonstrates good compliance with the RO5, great pharmacokinetic profiles, and could be said to be a polypharmacological molecule with good bioactivity scores. The research findings unravel the potential of catechin (a phytochemical belonging to the flavonoids class) from A. senegalensis leaf as a potential male sexual enhancement molecule via its high binding affinity for most erectile dysfunction-targeted proteins. They may require further toxicity and therapeutic evaluations in vivo.

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Data Availability

Available upon request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

3α-HSD :

3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

AChE :

acetylcholinesterase

ADA :

adenosine deaminase

BBB :

blood-brain barrier

Caco-2 :

cancer coli, “colon cancer”

cGMP :

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CYP3A4 :

cytochrome P450 3A4

DHT :

dihydrotestosterone

ED :

erectile dysfunction

EI :

enzyme inhibitor

GI-A :

human gastrointestinal absorption

GLIDE :

grid-based Ligand Docking with Energetics

GPCR :

G protein-coupled receptors

HERG-K+ :

human ether-à-go-go related gene potassium channel encoded

IK :

inhibitor of kinase

IP :

inhibitor protease

Log KP :

human skin permeability coefficients

MIC :

modulator of ion channels

NADP :

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NO :

nitric oxide

NR :

nuclear receptor

OGT :

O-GlcNAc transferase

OPLS-3e :

optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations-3e

PDE-5 :

phosphodiesterase type-5

PE :

penile erection

PKC :

protein kinase C

PKG :

protein kinase target

RCSB PDB :

Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank

RO5 :

lipinski rule of 5

WS :

water solubility

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria

    Moshood Abiola Folawiyo & Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi

  2. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

    Moshood Abiola Folawiyo & Folashade Omobolanle Ajao

  3. Molecular Biology and Molecular Simulation Center (Mols &Sims), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

    Moshood Abiola Folawiyo & Idowu Olamiposi Omotuyi

  4. Institute for Drug Research and Development, S.E. Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

    Idowu Olamiposi Omotuyi

  5. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, P.M.B. 053, Nigeria

    Elizabeth Besong

  6. Computational Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria

    Temitope Isaac Adelusi

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Contributions

The conception and design of the study were carried out by FMA, AAF, TIA, and OIO, data collection and analysis were performed by FMA, AAF, and OIO. The first draft of the manuscript was written by FMA, AFO, BE, and all other authors made adequate contributions thereafter so as to improve the first draft which give birth to the final manuscript that was read and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi.

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Folawiyo, M.A., Omotuyi, I.O., Ajao, F.O. et al. Catechin from Anonna senegalensis is a Potential Inhibitor of Erectile Dysfunction: Implication for Its Use in Male Sexual Enhancement. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 4936–4964 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04557-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04557-z

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