Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Phytochemical Screening of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Plant Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, alias “Vishnu Parijat,” is a medicinal plant used to treat various inflammation-associated ailments and to combat innumerable infections in the traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we collected the samples of N. arbor-tristis from the lower Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India, and carried out their molecular identification through DNA barcoding. To examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, we prepared the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (from flowers and leaves) and performed their phytochemical analysis by using different qualitative and quantitative approaches. The phytoextracts showed marked antioxidant potential, as revealed by a comprehensive set of assays. The ethanolic leaf extract showed marked antioxidant potential towards DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging (IC50 = 30.75 ± 0.006, 30.83 ± 0.002, and 51.23 ± 0.009 μg/mL, respectively). We used TLC-bioautography assay to characterize different antioxidant constituents (based on their Rf values) in the chromatograms ran under different mobile phases. For one of the prominent antioxidant spots in TLC bioautography, GC-MS analysis identified cis-9-hexadecenal and n-hexadecanoic acid as the major constituents. Furthermore, in antibacterial study, the ethanolic leaf extract showed marked activity against Aeromonas salmonicida (113.40 mg/mL of extract was equivalent to 100 μg/mL of kanamycin). In contrast, the ethanolic flower extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (125.85 mg/mL of extract ≡100 μg/mL of kanamycin). This study presents the phylogenetic account and unravels the antioxidant-related properties and antibacterial potential of N. arbor-tristis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The data will be available based on a request.

Abbreviations

DPPH:

α, α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

NO:

Nitric oxide

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

TPTZ:

2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine

C-TAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

PM:

Phosphomolybdenum assay

FRAP:

Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

MEGA:

Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

TPC:

Total phenolic content

TFC:

Total flavonoid content

MTCC:

Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

BOLD:

Barcode of Life

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

ASC:

Ascorbic acid

References

  1. Verma, N. S., Dwivedi, S., Panigrahi, D., & Gupta, S. K. (2011). Anti-bacterial activity of root bark of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. International Journal of Drug Discovery and Herbal Research, 1(2), 61–62.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Agrawal, J., & Pal, A. (2013). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn — A critical ethnopharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1–14.

  3. Banerjee, A., Poddar, A., Ghanta, S., Chakraborty, A., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2007). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.–spectrum of its bioactivity potential. Planta Medica, 73(9), 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ghosh, K., Ray, S., Bera, K., & Ray, B. (2015). Isolation and structural elements of a water-soluble free radical scavenger from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemistry, 115, 20–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Aggarwal, B. B., Prasad, S., Reuter, S., Kannappan, R., Yadav, V. R., Park, B., … Sung, B. (2011). Identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents from Ayurvedic medicine for prevention of chronic diseases : “ Reverse pharmacology ” and “ bedside to bench ” Approach, 1595–1653

  6. Chatterjee, S. K., Bhattacharjee, I., & Chandra, G. (2007). Bactericidal activities of some common herbs in India. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(5), 350–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nirmal, S. A., Pal, S. C., & Mandal, S. C. (2012). Mast cell stabilizing and bronchodilatory activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis bark. Phytopharmacology, 2(1), 234–242.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Liu, J., Provan, J., Gao, L. M., & Li, D. Z. (2012). Sampling strategy and potential utility of indels for DNA barcoding of closely related plant species: A case study in Taxus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(7), 8740–8751.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547–1549.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Selvaraj, D., Sarma, R. K., & Sathishkumar, R. (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast matK gene from Zingiberaceae for plant DNA barcoding. Bioinformation, 3(1), 24–27.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Jones et al. (1992). The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. CABIOS, 8, 275–282

  12. Tamura, K. (1992). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C-content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9(4), 678–687.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dhinakaran, D. I., & Sakthivel, G. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis extracts. Journal of Advanced Botany and Zoology, 4(1), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Saha, R. K., Acharya, S., Shovon, S. S. H., Apu, A. S., & Roy, P. (2012). Biochemical investigation and biological evaluation of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbortristis in vitro. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3 SUPPL), S1534–S1541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Saeed, N., Khan, M. R., & Shabbir, M. (2012). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12.

  16. Majid, M., Khan, M. R., Shah, N. A., Haq, I. U., Farooq, M. A., Ullah, S., et al. (2015). Studies on phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Euphorbia dracunculoides. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Patel, M., & Patel, J. (2011). In vitro antioxidant activity of coumarin compounds by DPPH, super oxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging methods. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 1, 52–68.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Parul, R., Kundu, S. K., & Saha, P. (2012). In vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants. The Pharma Innovation-Journal, 1(12), 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ghagane, S. C., Puranik, S. I., Kumbar, V. M., Nerli, R. B., Jalalpure, S. S., Hiremath, M. B., et al. (2017). In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Leea indica leaf extracts on human prostate cancer cell lines. Integrative Medicine Research, 6(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2017.01.004

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Sudha, A., & Srinivasan, P. (2014). Bioassay-guided isolation and antioxidant evaluation of flavonoid compound from aerial parts of Lippia nodiflora L. BioMed Research International, 2014

  21. Rathee, J. S., Hassarajani, S. A., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2007). Antioxidant activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf extract. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1350–1357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jesionek, W., Majer-Dziedzic, B., & Choma, I. M. (2015). Separation, identification, and investigation of antioxidant ability of plant extract components using TLC, LC-MS, and TLC-DPPH•. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 38(11), 1147–1153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Isaac, D., Gohila, R., & Sakthivel, G. (2017). Bioactive metabolites and antiquorum activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis extracts. Journal of Modern Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery Research, 4(4), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vilekar, P., King, C., Lagisetty, P., Awasthi, V., & Awasthi, S. (2014). Antibacterial activity of synthetic curcumin derivatives: 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidone (EF24) and EF24-dimer linked via diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (EF2DTPA). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 172(7), 3363–3373.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ghosia, L., Rehman, I., Khattak, S., & Khan, A. A. (2017). 22 Madam and Khan, (January)

  26. Thompson, J. D., Plewniak, F., & Poch, O. (1999). A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequence alignment programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 27(13), 2682–2690.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Ogden, T. H., & Rosenberg, M. S. (2006). Multiple sequence alignment accuracy and phylogenetic inference. Systematic Biology, 55(2), 314–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Michael, J. S., Kalirajan, A., Padmalatha, C., & Singh, A. J. A. R. (2013). In vitro antioxidant evaluation and total phenolics of methanolic leaf extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 11(5), 484–487.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pandey, R. S. (2012). Anti-oxidant activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Life Science, 2(2), 360–364.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Khanapur, M., Avadhanula, R. K., & Setty, O. H. (2014). In vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and phytochemical study in different extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis flowers. BioMed Research International, 2014

  31. Hidajati, N., & Setiabudi, D. A. (2018). Antioxidant activity of palmitic acid and pinostrobin from methanol extract of Syzygium litoralle (Myrtaceae), 1(Icst), 183–187

  32. Jose, D., Pandiammal, S., & Senthilkumaar, P. (2016). Phytochemical screening , antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L .Floral Extracts. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 5(2), 35–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ramachandran, B., Kamaraj, M., Subramani, V., & Jeyakumar, J. J. (2014). Screening of phytochemistry and secondary metabolites : A case study on Nyctanthes arboritis. International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, 3, 7–11.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sharma, P. V., & Samanta, K. C. (2011). Hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of tectona grandis linn. root in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical. Science, 1(4), 106–109.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Heendeniya, S. N., Keerthirathna, L. R., Manawadu, C. K., Dissanayake, I. H., Ali, R., Mashhour, A., et al. (2020). Therapeutic efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers to inhibit proliferation of acute and chronic primary human leukemia cells, with adipocyte differentiation and in silico analysis of interactions between survivin protein and selected secondary meta. Biomolecules, 10(2), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Paul, B. N., Prakash, A., Kumar, S., Yadav, A. K., Mani, U., Saxena, A. K., et al. (2002). Silica induced early fibrogenic reaction in lung of mice ameliorated by Nyctanthes arbortristis extract. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 15(3), 215–222.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dinamani, M., & Rao, A. R. (2009). Chemoprevention of DMBA induced skin tumorigenesis in swiss albino mice: A study with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf extract. TheBioscan, 4, 295–299.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sasikumar, J. M., Mathew, G. M., Darsini, T. P., & D. (2010). Comparative studies on antioxidant activity of methanol extract and flavonoid fraction of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9(1), 227–233.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mary, S. J., & Merina, A. J. (2021). Studies on total antioxidant activity of the extract of Nyctasnthes arbortristis flower extract by DPPH radical-scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity assay. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(2), 160–164.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Aparna, V., Dileep, K. V., Mandal, P. K., Karthe, P., Sadasivan, C., & Haridas, M. (2012). Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chemical Biology and Drug Design, 80(3), 434–439.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Altuner, E. M., Çeter, T., Gur, M., Guney, K., Kiran, B., Akwieten, H. E., & Soulman, S. I. (2018). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of cold-pressed oils obtained from nettle, radish and pomegranate seeds. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 236–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Alves, J., Gaspar, H., Silva, J., Alves, C., Martins, A., Teodoro, F., et al. (2021). Unravelling the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the marine sponge Cliona celata from the Portuguese coastline. Marine Drugs, 19(11).

  43. Prabakaran, R., Kumar, T. S., & Rao, M. V. (2014). GC-MS analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of root bark exudates of Hardwickia binata Roxb. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2(6), 723–733.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mahato, D., & Sharma, H. P. (2019). Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem.-in vitro study. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 18(3), 493–499.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Dar, K. B., Khan, I. S., Amin, S., Ganie, A. H., Bhat, A. H., Dar, S. A., et al. (2020). Active Cousinia thomsonii extracts modulate expression of crucial proinflammatory mediators/ cytokines and NFκB cascade in lipopolysaccharide-induced albino Wistar rat model. Journal of Inflammation Research, 13, 829–845.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Furqan, M., Khushdil, A., Ammara, K., Mirza, S., Faran, M., Baig, A., & Abdel, M. M. (2021). Chemical characterization and anti - arthritic appraisal of Monotheca buxifolia methanolic extract in complete Freund ’ s adjuvant - Induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Inflammopharmacology, 29(2), 393–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Abiodun, O. O., Sosanya, A. S., Nwadike, N., & Oshinloye, A. O. (2020). Beneficial effect of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) in a rat model of colitis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 31(6), 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Puri, A., Saxena, R., Saxena, R. P., Saxena, K. C., Srivastava, V., & Tandon, J. S. (1994). Immunostimulant activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 42(1), 31–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Khatune, N. A., Mosaddik, M. A., & Haque, M. E. (2001). Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers. Fitoterapia, 72(4), 412–414.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Manisha, V., Neha, S., & Satish, S. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. (Oleaceae). International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 1(1), 12–14.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Aggarwal, S. G., & Goyal, S. (2013). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis against pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(3), 124–127.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ankita, C., Mamta, G., & Shikha, B. (2014). Antimicrobial potential of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and isolation of Colletotrichum gleosporioides – An endophyte. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 8(8), 1082–1090.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The research work is supported by a minor grant from the Kumaun University to SKU under the “innovative research scheme.” R. G. is a recipient of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) — Senior Research Fellowship (45/4/2019/MP/BMS).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India

    Rekha Gahtori, Ankita H. Tripathi & Santosh K. Upadhyay

  2. Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India

    Garima Chand & Penny Joshi

  3. ICAR-Directorate Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India

    Amit Pande

  4. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India

    Ramesh Chandra Rai

Authors
  1. Rekha Gahtori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ankita H. Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Garima Chand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amit Pande
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Penny Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ramesh Chandra Rai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Santosh K. Upadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Rekha Gahtori – performed experiments, carried out data analysis, wrote the first and subsequent drafts of the manuscript, and artwork Ankita H. Tripathi – helped in data analysis, writing, reviewing, and editing Garima Chand – writing, reviewing, and editing Amit Pande – reviewed the different versions of the manuscript and facilitated use of high-end instruments Penny Joshi – reviewing and editing of manuscript and arranged reagents for the study Ramesh Chandra Rai – conceptualization, reviewed the different versions of the manuscript, and editing Santosh K. Upadhyay – conceptualized the study, reviewed the manuscript, arranged reagents for the study, and project administration.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ramesh Chandra Rai or Santosh K. Upadhyay.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

Not applicable

Consent to Participate

Not applicable

Consent to Publish

All authors have read the manuscript and agreed to publish in the journal.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gahtori, R., Tripathi, A.H., Chand, G. et al. Phytochemical Screening of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Plant Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 436–456 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04552-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04552-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation