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Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Polysaccharide Purified from Sonneratia caseolaris Mangrove Leaves: a Potential Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Agent

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Abstract

The Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the optimal parameters of the extraction condition by using the response surface methodology (RSM) from the leaves of Sonneratia caseolaris L. The result indicates the best-optimized conditions used for the extraction of polysaccharides at 84.02 °C temperature, 3.12 h time, and 27.31 mL/g for the water-to-material ratio. The maximum experimental yield of 8.81 ± 0.09% was obtained which is in agreement with the predicted value of 8.79%. Thereafter, low molecular weight polysaccharide (SCLP) was separated after sequentially being purified through column chromatography with a relative molecular weight of 3.74 kDa. The physicochemical properties were evaluated by characterization techniques such as FT-IR spectra, NMR spectrum, and SEM analysis. RP-HPLC analysis confirmed that SCLP was a heteropolysaccharide, majorly comprising rhamnose (28.25%), and xylose (27.17%) residues, followed by mannose (18.90%), and galactose (17.17%), respectively. Thermal analysis (TGA–DSC) results showed that SCLP is a highly thermostable polymer with a degradation temperature of 361.63 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns and tertiary structure analyses indicate that SCLP had a semi-crystalline polymer having a triple-helical configuration. Moreover, SCLP displayed potential antibiofilm ability for all the tested pathogens while stronger activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, SCLP has potential in vitro antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS radical, superoxide, and Fe2+ chelating. These findings indicate that the polysaccharide has potentially been used in functional food, cosmetics, and pharmacological industries.

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All the data analyzed and generated during this study are included in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

Pondicherry University has acknowledged gratefully for the central instrumentation facility (CIF).

Funding

The present research work was financially supported by the UGC-SAP (Special Assistant program) and DST-FIST.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Natwar Jha, Prema Prasad, Avinash Kant Lakra, Palanichamy Esakkiraj, Younus Mohd Tilwani & Venkatesan Arul

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Karpagam University), Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sivagnanavelmurugan Madasamy

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  1. Natwar Jha
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Jha, N., Madasamy, S., Prasad, P. et al. Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Polysaccharide Purified from Sonneratia caseolaris Mangrove Leaves: a Potential Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 7832–7858 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04534-6

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