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Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) Aqueous Extract Enhances Osteoblast and Suppresses Osteoclast Activities in Cancellous Bone of a Rat Model of Postmenopause

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Abstract

Evidence pointed towards the benefits of Marantodes pumilum in treating osteoporosis after menopause; however, the detailed mechanisms still have not been explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying M. pumilum’s bone-protective effect via the involvement of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given M. pumilum leaf aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) and estrogen (positive control) orally for twenty-eight consecutive days. Following the treatment, rats were sacrificed, and femur bones were harvested. Blood was withdrawn for analysis of serum Ca2+, PO43−, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels. The bone microarchitectural changes were observed by H&E and PAS staining and distribution and expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt3a/β-catenin and its downstream proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and real-time PCR. MPLA treatment increased serum Ca2+ and PO43− levels and reduced serum BALP levels (p < 0.05). Besides, deterioration in cancellous bone microarchitecture and the loss of bone glycogen and collagen content were mitigated by MPLA treatment. Levels of RANKL, Traf6, and NF-kB but not RANK in bone were decreased; however, levels of OPG, Wnt3a, LRP-5, Frizzled, Dvl, β-catenin, RUNX, and Bmp-2 in bone were increased following treatment with MPLA. In conclusion, MPLA helps to protect against bone deterioration in estrogen deficiency state and thus, this herb could potentially be used to ameliorate osteoporosis in women after menopause.

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Funding

This study was funded by Bantuan Kecil Penyelidikan (BKP) grant (BK037-2017) IPPP, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kamarulzaman Bin Karim, Nelli Giribabu & Naguib Bin Salleh

  2. Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nelli Giribabu & Naguib Bin Salleh

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  1. Kamarulzaman Bin Karim
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K. K.: data curation; investigation—original draft. N. G.: conceptualization, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision. N. S.: conceptualization; methodology; writing—final review and editing.

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Correspondence to Nelli Giribabu or Naguib Bin Salleh.

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Bin Karim, K., Giribabu, N. & Bin Salleh, N. Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) Aqueous Extract Enhances Osteoblast and Suppresses Osteoclast Activities in Cancellous Bone of a Rat Model of Postmenopause. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 821–840 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04515-9

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