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Anti-Atherogenic Protection by Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins via Regulating Collagen Crosslinking Against CC Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats

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Abstract

The synthesis of collagen and its turnover remained as critical determinants for the progression of atherosclerosis. During this condition, proteases secreted by SMCs and foam cells in the necrotic core degrade collagen. Growing evidences demonstrated that consumption of antioxidant rich diet is highly associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) have been proved to possess promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity, based on our previous studies. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of OPC isolated from Crataegus oxyacantha berries as a natural collagen crosslinker and anti-atherogenic agent. Spectral studies like FTIR, ultraviolet and circular dichroism analysis confirmed the in vitro crosslinking ability of OPC with rat tail collagen when compared to the standard epigallocatechin gallate. The administration of cholesterol:cholic acid (CC) diet induces proteases-mediated collagen degradation that could result in plaque instability. Further, the CC diet fed rats showed significantly increased levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols which, in turn, increases the activities of collagen degrading proteases-MMPs (MMP 1, 2 and 9) and Cathepsin S and D. Upon OPC treatment, marked reduction in the lipid content, activation of proteases with concomitant increase in the mRNA levels of collagen Type I and Type III as similar to atorvastatin treatment were observed .Thus, OPC supplementation may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque instability by acting as a natural crosslinker of collagen.

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Data and results have been generated as part of my doctoral thesis work.

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Funding

Authors would like to acknowledge the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for financial support under UGC-BSR meritorious fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Affyclone Laboratories Pvt Ltd., 600044, Chrompet, Chennai, India

    Sankar Jamuna & Rathinavel Ashokkumar

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, 600025, Chennai, India

    Sankar Jamuna, Rathinavel Ashokkumar & Sivasitamparam Niranjali Devaraj

  3. BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea

    Iruthayapandi Selestin Raja

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Contributions

SJ, AKR and SND: study conception, experimental design, analysis and interpretation of data. SJ and AKR: drafting the article, ISR analysis of biophysical parameters and interpretation and SND revising and final approval of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sivasitamparam Niranjali Devaraj.

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The experiments were conducted with the ethical norms approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC No: 01/03/2012).

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Jamuna, S., Ashokkumar, R., Raja, I.S. et al. Anti-Atherogenic Protection by Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins via Regulating Collagen Crosslinking Against CC Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 4881–4892 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04487-w

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