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Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis from Areca Nut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Crystallization

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomasses are extensively used by researchers to produce a variety of renewable bioproducts. This research described an environment-friendly technique of xylitol production by an adapted strain of Candida tropicalis from areca nut hemicellulosic hydrolysate, produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. To enhance the activity of xylanase enzymes, lime and acid pretreatment was conducted to make biomass more amenable for saccharification. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, saccharification parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied. Results exposed that the highest yield (g/g) of reducing sugar, about 90%, 83%, and 15%, were achieved for acid-treated husk (ATH), lime-treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IU/g. Hydrolysis was conducted at a substrate loading of 2% (w/V) at 30 °C, 100 rpm agitation, for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. Subsequently, fermentation of xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolysate was conducted with pentose utilizing the yeast Candida tropicalis to produce xylitol. The optimum concentration of xylitol was obtained at about 2.47 g/L, 3.83 g/L, and 5.88 g/L, with yields of approximately 71.02%, 76.78%, and 79.68% for raw fermentative hydrolysate (RFH), acid-treated fermentative hydrolysate (ATFH), and lime-treated fermentative gydrolysate (LTFH), respectively. Purification and crystallization were also conducted to separate xylitol crystals, followed by characterization like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results obtained from crystallization were auspicious, and about 85% pure xylitol crystal was obtained.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors, upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ATEH:

Acid-treated enzymatic hydrolysate

ATFH:

Acid-treated fermentative hydrolysate

ATH:

Acid-treated husk

CMC:

Carboxy methyl cellulose

CrI:

Crystallinity index

DNS:

Di-nitrosalicylic acid

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

FXC:

Fermented xylitol crystal

HMF:

Hydroxymethylfurfural

LTEH:

Lime-treated enzymatic hydrolysate

LTFH:

Lime-treated fermentative hydrolysate

LTH:

Lime-treated husk

MB:

Methylene blue

MBS:

Methylene blue staining

MTCC:

Microbial Type Culture Collection

OPEFB:

Oil palm empty fruit bunch

REH:

Raw enzymatic hydrolysate

RFH:

Raw fermentative hydrolysate

RH:

Raw husk

SSFH:

Synthetic solution fermentative hydrolysate

XCCX:

Xylitol crystal from commercial xylitol

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

YPD :

Yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose

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Funding

Present research work vides grant no. (BT/PR16747/NER/95/271/2015) was financially supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

    Harsh Vardhan & Kaustubha Mohanty

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India

    Soumya Sasamal

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Harsha Vardhan, Soumya Sasmal, and Kaustubha Mohanty. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Harsha Vardhan, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Soumya Sasamal or Kaustubha Mohanty.

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Vardhan, H., Sasamal, S. & Mohanty, K. Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis from Areca Nut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Crystallization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 7298–7321 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04469-y

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