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Modeling of Cadmium Bioaccumulation Dynamics in Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) of Dankuni Wetland Ecosystem and Assessment of Risk to Human Health

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Abstract

Contamination of freshwater wetlands with toxic heavy metals and metalloids is a significant public health concern. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common heavy metals affecting water bodies and fish. In the Dankuni wetland (DW) ecosystem in India, variations in Cd concentration from the aquatic system to different fish tissues have been investigated. Channa punctata is an easily accessible fish with a high nutritional value, and offers a good economic return for the fishermen of West Bengal. A dynamic model was constructed considering the importance of the Cd concentration in the water of the wetland system and different fish tissues. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the valuable contribution of different parameters that determine the dynamics of Cd concentration in a wetland aquatic environment. The observed data is used to verify the model simulation performance. To predict the effects of Cd on humans, a survey of fish consumers was conducted around DW. Individuals living near DW, on low income (<5,000 INR) and over the age of fifty, were at high risk of Cd contamination. Their average daily intake rate was quite high (2.48×10−5 mg kg−1 day−1) and the hazard quotient calculated for these individuals was also high (0.024). People over age of 50 years had renal, cardiovascular, and osteological diseases with disease percentages of 56%, 46%, and 45%, respectively. Data on Cd-related health problems were collected from Cd-associated and non-Cd-associated individuals residing in the periphery of DW. The system-sensitive parameter was the rate of Cd entry into the water system (C Inp rt). If the Cd level is checked at the entrance of the reservoir by management policy; the risk of Cd contamination to human may be minimized in this area.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author would like to acknowledge the funding agency, Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), Government of India, New Delhi, Project ID: EEQ/2018/001076 for sponsoring the work. The authors would like to thank all the fishermen community of Dankuni Wetlands for their cooperation during the field visits. The authors also thank the Institutional Clinical Ethics Committee of University for providing the Ethical clearance of the work (Approval No. IEC/BU/2018/03). The authors would like to thank all the other scholars of the Ecology and Environmental Modelling Laboratory for their support during the preparation of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of the paper for valuable comments to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This study received financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), Government of India, New Delhi, Project EEQ/2018/001076

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, 713104, India

    Poulami Sen

  2. Ecology and Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India

    Nilanjan Das, Santu Ghosh, Ayan Mondal & Sudipto Mandal

  3. Fishery and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, VC’s Research Group, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India

    Nimai Chandra Saha

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  1. Poulami Sen
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Contributions

PS and ND- writing, field work; AM- Calculations and model development; SG-calculations and field work; NCS- revision of the manuscript and risk analysis; SM- idea, overall supervision and review, fund acquisition.

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Correspondence to Sudipto Mandal.

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Sen, P., Das, N., Saha, N.C. et al. Modeling of Cadmium Bioaccumulation Dynamics in Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) of Dankuni Wetland Ecosystem and Assessment of Risk to Human Health. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 3681–3698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04455-4

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