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Efficacy of the Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Substrates for the Growth and Production of α-Amylases in Marine Actinobacteria

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Abstract

Enzymes from haloalkaliphilic microorganisms have recently focused attention on their potential and suitability in various applications. In this study, the growth and production of extracellular amylases in the marine actinomycetes, using kitchen waste as the raw starch source, have been investigated. Actinobacteria were isolated from the seawater of the Kachhighadi Coast near Dwarika, Gujarat. Seven Actinobacterial isolates of pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons belonging to different strains of Nocardiopsis genera were screened and selected for amylase production. The amylase production was initially assessed on the solid media supplemented with the extracts of different fruits and vegetable peels as a substrate by agar plate assay. The strains Kh-2(13), Kh-2(1), and Kh-3(12) produced maximum amylase with potato peel as a substrate, while no significant differences were found with the media containing other peels. Nevertheless, all strains produced amylases at a significant level with other raw substrates as well. For the optimization of the growth and enzyme production, the selected two isolates Kh-2(13) and Kh-3(12) of the monsoon and winter seasons were cultivated in a liquid medium under the submerged fermentation conditions, with potato peel as a substrate. In both organisms, the optimum amylase production was observed in the stationary phase of growth. For amylase production, the effect of different physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. The optimum growth and amylase production was achieved in 2% inoculum size, at pH 8.0, 28℃, and 5% salt concentration. On the basis of the amylase production index (API) (a ratio of the amylase units and cell growth), both isolates produced significant amylase with the only extract of potato peels, without any other supplements. The trends further indicated that while additional complex sources, such as yeast extract and peptone can enhance the cell growth of the actinobacteria, the amylase production remained unaltered. The study projects the significance of waste raw materials for the production of enzymes in extremophilic microorganisms.

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Acknowledgements

AD and HR acknowledge the award of ShoDH Fellowships from the Government of Gujarat. The award of the UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship to SPS is duly acknowledged. Research Funding and facilities created under the UGC-CAS, DST-FIST, DBT-Multi-Intuitional Project, MoES Net Working Project, and Saurashtra University are duly acknowledged. We wish to further state that the marine actinobacterial strains used in this study were isolated by Dr. Dalip Singh Rathore in the Laboratory of Prof. Satya P. Singh, Saurashtra University as part of the MoES Research Project. International Travel Fellowships from DST-SERB, CSIR, DBT, and UGC to SPS for presenting his work in Hamburg (Germany), Brisbane (Australia), Capetown (South Africa), and Kyoto (Japan) are also acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to M.V.M. College, Rajkot for the necessary support.

Funding

The work was primarily supported under the UGC-BSR Faculty Program (No.F.4–5(11) 2019 (BSR)). Infrastructural facilities generated under the DBT-Multi-Institutional Project (BT/PR8269/AAQ/03/307/2006), DST-FIST Program (No.SR/FST/LSI-033/2006), MoES Net Working Project (MoES/16/06/2013-RDEAS), and UGS-CAS Program (F.5–4.2012(SAP-II) of the Government of India were extensively utilized. 

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  1. UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India

    Ankita Dobariya, Hasti Ramavat & Satya P. Singh

  2. M.V.M. Sci and H. Sci. College Rajkot, Rajkot, 360001, India

    Ankita Dobariya & Gira P. Mankad

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ankita Dobariya carried out the experiments and prepared the primary draft of the manuscript. Hasti Ramavat helped in the experiments and data analysis. Gira Mankad was involved in designing the experiments and preparation of the manuscript. Satya P. Singh conceived the idea, designed the experiments, and was involved in the data analysis, preparation, and editing of the manuscript.

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Statement of Novelty

Fruit and vegetable peels are domestic waste generated in large quantities. Such waste materials are also generated in the food industries. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of these waste materials as substrates to support microbial growth and the production of value-added products, such as enzymes. Among different waste peels evaluated, the potato peel emerged as the most potential substrate for growth and amylase production in marine actinobacteria. Various factors that affect growth and enzyme production were investigated. The selected marine actinobacterial strains effectively utilized the raw starch materials without any other supplements for growth and amylase production.

• Selected Nocardiopsis strains produced amylase using waste raw material without any other supplements.

• The extracellular α-amylases were stable in high salt and at alkaline pH.

• Additional supplements such as yeast extract and peptone marginally reduced amylase production.

Highlights

• Amylase production in haloalkaliphilic marine actinobacteria using kitchen waste.

• Fruits and vegetables peels-highly effective and sole substrates for growth and amylase production.

• Factors affecting amylase production evaluated in submerged fermentation with highly effective potato peel.

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Dobariya, A., Mankad, G.P., Ramavat, H. et al. Efficacy of the Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Substrates for the Growth and Production of α-Amylases in Marine Actinobacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 7603–7623 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04422-z

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