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Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Miliusa nilagirica Bedd. Leaves Using In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Assays

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Abstract

Miliusa nilagirica, a rare tree species of Western Ghats, belongs to the Annonaceae family, a family with potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This study is designed vividly to establish the relationship between the constituent phytochemicals and their hyperglycemic effects through the antioxidant traits of M. nilagirica in vitro. Phytochemical tests were conducted on dry powdered leaves and extracts of various methods to determine the existence of various constituents. The antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts was estimated by using the α-amylase inhibitory model and the antioxidant potential was estimated with various assays. The quantitative phytochemical screening of leaf parts shows the presence of carbohydrates (88.74 ± 0.65 mg GE/g sample), proteins (82.17 ± 2.52 mg BSAE/g sample), phenolics (40.44 ± 0.43 GAE/100 g), and flavonoids (66.05 ± 0.48 mg RE/g extract). Methanol extract of Soxhlet of M. nilagirica registered the strongest antioxidant activity in all assays, 75.66% inhibition (DPPH assay), 795.01 µmol/g (ABTS˙+ radical scavenging), 994.33 µmol/g (FRAP assay), 362.02 mg AAE/g extract (TAC assay), 47% inhibition (NO scavenging assay). In vitro α-amylase inhibition showed a highly noticeable reduction in ethyl acetate extract from Soxhlet (75.19%). HPLC and FTIR analyses on the extracts added strengths to the obtained results on the potentiality of M. nilagirica. From the results, it is evident that phytochemicals from M. nilagirica can be studied further, isolated, and incorporated as an alternative to synthetic supplements for hyperglycemia.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazole)-6-sulfonic acid

BSAE:

Bovine serum albumin equivalents

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

NO:

Nitric oxide

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

GE:

Glucose equivalents

LE:

Leucine equivalents

PVPP:

Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone

RE:

Rutin equivalents

TE:

Trolox equivalents

TPTZ:

2,4,6-Tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

UV/VIS:

Ultraviolet-visible

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Acknowledgements

The authors fervently thank the funding support from DST-FIST & UGC- SAP conferred to the Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

Funding

This work was supported by DST-FIST program, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, St. Joseph College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, India, 620002

    Francis Jegan Raj & Rajan Kilimas

  2. Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India, 641046

    Gayathri Jagadeesan, Benedict Mathews Paul & Parimelazhagan Thangaraj

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  1. Francis Jegan Raj
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  2. Gayathri Jagadeesan
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  3. Benedict Mathews Paul
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Contributions

The study conception and design, material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Francis Jegan Raj, Gayathri Jagadeesan, and Benedict Mathews. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Francis Jegan Raj and Rajan Kilimas reviewed on previous versions of the manuscript. Parimelazhagan Thangaraj edited and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Parimelazhagan Thangaraj or Rajan Kilimas.

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Raj, F.J., Jagadeesan, G., Mathews Paul, B. et al. Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Miliusa nilagirica Bedd. Leaves Using In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Assays. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 6790–6808 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04396-y

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