Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Colorimetric Detection of Metals Using CdS-NPs Synthesized by an Organic Extract of Aspergillus niger

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The use of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs) synthesized by fungi presents highly stable chemical and optical characteristics; this makes them a promising alternative for development of colorimetric methods for metal detection. Moreover, application of CdS-NPs is challenging due to the biological material used to carry out synthesis and coating is highly diverse; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate if such components are present in the biological material. Thus, the objective of this work was to detect metallic ions in synthetic water samples using CdS-NPs synthesized by the extract of Aspergillus niger. The conditions to produce fungal extracts were determined through a factorial design 23; additionally, biomolecules involved in metallic ions detection, synthesis, and coating of CdS-NPs were quantified; the studied biomolecules are NADH, sulfhydryl groups, proteins, and ferric reducing antioxidants (FRAP). CdS-NPs synthesized in this study were characterized by spectrophotometry, zeta potential, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Finally, detection capacity of metallic ions in synthetic water samples was evaluated. It was proved that the methanolic extract of Aspergillus niger obtained under established conditions has the necessary components for both synthesis and coating of CdS-NPs, as well as detection of metallic ions because it was possible to synthesize CdS-NPs with a hexagonal crystalline structure with a length of 2.56 ± 0.50 nm which were able to detect Pb2+, Cr6+, and Fe3+ at pH 4 and Co2+ at pH 8.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., & Blundell, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. In A. Luch (Ed.), Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology. Experientia Supplementum (Vol. 101, pp. 133–164). Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6

  3. Jin, M., Yuan, H., Liu, B., Peng, J., Xu, L., & Yang, D. (2020). Review of the distribution and detection methods of heavy metals in the environment. Analytical Methods, 12(48), 5747–5766. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01577F

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Odobašić, A., Šestan, I., & Begić, S. (2019). Biosensors for determination of heavy metals in waters. In Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84139

  5. Govindasamy, M., Sriram, B., Wang, S. F., Chang, Y. J., & Rajabathar, J. R. (2020). Highly sensitive determination of cancer toxic mercury ions in biological and human sustenance samples based on green and robust synthesized stannic oxide nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1137, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Baby, J. N., Sriram, B., Wang, S. F., George, M., Govindasamy, M., & Benadict Joseph, X. (2020). Deep eutectic solvent-based manganese molybdate nanosheets for sensitive and simultaneous detection of human lethal compounds: Comparing the electrochemical performances of M-molybdate (M = Mg, Fe, and Mn) electrocatalysts. Nanoscale, 12(38), 19719–19731. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05533f

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Aydin, Z., & Keleş, M. (2020). Colorimetric cadmium ion detection in aqueous solutions by newly synthesized Schiff bases. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 44(3), 791. https://doi.org/10.3906/KIM-1912-36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Alorabi, A. Q., Abdelbaset, M., & Zabin, S. A. (2019). Colorimetric detection of multiple metal ions using Schiff base 1-(2-thiophenylimino)-4-(N-dimethyl)benzene. Chemosensors 2020, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHEMOSENSORS8010001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Reimann, M. J., Salmon, D. R., Horton, J. T., Gier, E. C., & Jefferies, L. R. (2019). Water-soluble sulfonate schiff-base ligands as fluorescent detectors for metal ions in drinking water and biological systems. ACS Omega, 4(2), 2874–2882. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSOMEGA.8B02750/SUPPL_FILE/AO8B02750_SI_001.PDF

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, L., Tian, X., Xia, D., Nie, Y., Lu, L., Yang, C., & Zhou, Z. (2019). Novel colorimetric method for simultaneous detection and identification of multimetal ions in water: Sensitivity, selectivity, and recognition mechanism. ACS Omega, 4(3), 5915–5922. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSOMEGA.9B00312/SUPPL_FILE/AO9B00312_SI_001.PDF

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Abed, T., Kadem, B., & Kadhim, R. (2019). Simple colorimetric method using aqueous solution to detect heavy metal | Iraqi Journal of Science. Iraqi Journal of Science, 60, 28–33. Retrieved from https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/709

  12. Lou, Y., Zhao, Y., Chen, J., & Zhu, J. J. (2014). Metal ions optical sensing by semiconductor quantum dots. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2(4), 595–613. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31937g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sharma, G., Pandey, S., Ghatak, S., Watal, G., & Rai, P. K. (2018). Potential of spectroscopic techniques in the characterization of “ green nanomaterials". nanomaterials in plants, algae, and microorganisms. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811487-2.00003-7

  14. Durán, N., Marcato, P. D., Durán, M., Yadav, A., Gade, A., & Rai, M. (2011). Mechanistic aspects in the biogenic synthesis of extracellular metal nanoparticles by peptides, bacteria, fungi, and plants. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 90(5), 1609–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3249-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Khandel, P., & Shahi, S. K. (2018). Mycogenic nanoparticles and their bio-prospective applications: Current status and future challenges. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 8(4), 369–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-018-0285-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Priyanka, U., Akshay Gowda, K. M., Elisha, M. G., Surya Teja, B., Nitish, N., & Raj Mohan, B. (2016). Biologically synthesized PbS nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic in water. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.10.009

  17. Uddandarao, P., & Balakrishnan, R. M. (2017). Thermal and optical characterization of biologically synthesized ZnS nanoparticles synthesized from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus: A colorimetric probe in metal detection. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 175, 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2016.12.021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Uddandarao, P., & Mohan, R. (2016). ZnS semiconductor quantum dots production by an endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 207, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2016.01.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sandoval-Cárdenas, I., Gómez-Ramírez, M., & Rojas-Avelizapa, N. G. (2017). Use of a sulfur waste for biosynthesis of cadmium sulfide quantum dots with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 63, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.01.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hussain, I., Singh, N. B., Singh, A., Singh, H., & Singh, S. C. (2016). Green synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential application. Biotechnology Letters, 38(4), 545–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10529-015-2026-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ahmad, T., Wani, I. A., Manzoor, N., Ahmed, J., & Asiri, A. M. (2013). Biosynthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 107, 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chowdhury, S., Basu, A., & Kundu, S. (2014). Green synthesis of protein capped silver nanoparticles from phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid with antimicrobial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanoscale Research Letters, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kobashigawa, J. M., Robles, C. A., Martínez Ricci, M. L., & Carmarán, C. C. (2019). Influence of strong bases on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the ligninolytic fungi Trametes trogii. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(7), 1331–1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.09.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shaligram, N., Bule, M., Bhambure, R., Singhal, R., Singh, S. K., Szakacs, G., & Pandey, A. (2009). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract from the compactin producing fungal strain. Process Biochemistry, 44(8), 939–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ahmad, A., Mukherjee, P., Mandal, D., Senapati, S., Khan, M. I., Kumar, R., & Sastry, M. (2002). Enzyme mediated extracellular synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(41), 12108–12109. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja027296o

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Reyes, L. R., Gómez, I., & Garza, M. T. (2009). Biosynthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by the fungi Fusarium sp. International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Biomedicine, 1(1), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/19430850903149936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bel Haj, M., Ben Brahim, N., Mrad, R., Haouari, M., Ben Chaâbane, R., & Negrerie, M. (2018). Use of MPA-capped CdS quantum dots for sensitive detection and quantification of Co2+ ions in aqueous solution. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1028, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Giancaspero, T. A., Locato, V., & Barile, M. (2013). A regulatory role of NAD redox status on flavin cofactor homeostasis in S . cerevisiae Mitochondria. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2013, 16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/612784

  29. Vijayalakshmi, M., & Ruckmani, K. (2016). Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assay in plant extract. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 11(3), 570–572. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i3.27663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Beveridge, T., Toma, S., & Nakai, S. (1974). Determination of SH- and SS-groups in some food proteins using Ellman ’s reagent. New York, 39, 49–51. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb00984.x

  31. Suresh, S. (2013). Semiconductor nanomaterials, methods and applications: A review. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 3(3), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.nn.20130303.06

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Valu, M. V., Soare, L. C., Sutan, N. A., Ducu, C., Moga, S., Hritcu, L., … Carradori, S. (2020). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction to obtain erinacine a and polyphenols with antioxidant activity from the fungal biomass of Hericium erinaceus. Foods, 9(12), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9121889

  33. Cetin, B. M., Ceylan, G., Cantürk, Z., Öztürk, N., Babayiğit, M. K., Yüzüak, S., & Yamaç, M. (2021). Screening of antioxidant activity of mycelia and culture liquids of fungi from Turkey. Microbiology (Russian Federation), 90(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261721010033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jernejc, K. (2004). Comparison of different methods for metabolite extraction from Aspergillus niger mycelium. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 51(3), 567–578.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zekri, N., Zerkani, H., Elazzouzi, H., Zair, T., & El Belghiti, M. A. (2021). Extracts of m. pulegium (l.) and m. spicata (l.): effect of extraction conditions on phenolics and flavonoids contents and their antioxidant power. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 64(3), 1447–1459. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2020.43922.2893

  36. Yang, L., Lübeck, M., & Lübeck, P. S. (2017). Aspergillus as a versatile cell factory for organic acid production. Fungal Biology Reviews, 31(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FBR.2016.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Yu, R., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, H. (2021). Aspergillus niger as a secondary metabolite factory. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 434. https://doi.org/10.3389/FCHEM.2021.701022/BIBTEX

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Carvalho, C. R. De, Ferreira, M. C., Amorim, S. S., Hellen, R., Catarine, J., Assis, S. De, … Rosa, L. H. (2019). Recent advancement in white biotechnology through fungi (Vol. 3). Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1

  39. Nakilcioğlu-Taş, E., & Ötleş, S. (2021). Influence of extraction solvents on the polyphenol contents, compositions, and antioxidant capacities of fig(Ficus carica l.) seeds. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 93(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hietzschold, S., Walter, A., Davis, C., Taylor, A. A., & Sepunaru, L. (2019). Does nitrate reductase play a role in silver nanoparticle synthesis? Evidence for NADPH as the sole reducing agent. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 7(9), 8070–8076. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00506. rapid-communication.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kumar, S. A., Abyaneh, M. K., Gosavi, S. W., Kulkarni, S. K., Pasricha, R., Ahmad, A., & Khan, M. I. (2007). Nitrate reductase-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from AgNO 3. Biotechnology Letters, 29(3), 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9256-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Talekar, S., Joshi, A., Chougle, R., Nakhe, A., & Bhojwani, R. (2016). Immobilized enzyme mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of NADH-dependent nitrate reductase. Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, 6, 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2016.03.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mahendran, G., & Ranjitha, B. D. (2016). Biological activities of silver nanoparticles from Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham)Mabb. fruit extracts. Food Science and Human Wellness, 5(4), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Phongtongpasuk, S., Poadang, S., & Yongvanich, N. (2016). Environmental-friendly method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles from dragon fruit peel extract and their antibacterial activities. Energy Procedia, 89, 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.05.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Salari, S., Esmaeilzadeh, S., & Samzadeh-kermani, A. (2018). In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Prosopis farcta fruit extract. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(1), 430–445. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487442/pdf/ijpr-18-430.pdf

  46. Abolhasani, J., Hassanzadeh, J., & Jalali, E. S. (2014). Ultrasensitive determination of lead and chromium contamination in well and dam water based on fluorescence quenching of CdS quantum dots. International Nano Letters, 4(4), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-014-0120-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen, J., Zheng, A. F., Gao, Y., He, C., Wu, G., Chen, Y., … Zhu, C. (2008). Functionalized CdS quantum dots-based luminescence probe for detection of heavy and transition metal ions in aqueous solution. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 69(3), 1044–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2007.06.021

  48. Chen, Y., & Rosenzweig, Z. (2002). Luminescent CdS quantum dots as selective ion probes. Analytical Chemistry, 74(19), 5132–5138. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0258251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gallagher, S. A., Moloney, M. P., Wojdyla, M., Quinn, S. J., Kelly, J. M., & Gun’Ko, Y. K. (2010). Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of chiral CdSe quantum dots. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(38), 8350–8355. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm01185a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jiao, H., Zhang, L., Liang, Z., Peng, G., & Lin, H. (2014). Size-controlled sensitivity and selectivity for the fluorometric detection of Ag+ by homocysteine capped CdTe quantum dots. Microchimica Acta, 181(11–12), 1393–1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1276-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Koneswaran, M., & Narayanaswamy, R. (2009). l-Cysteine-capped ZnS quantum dots based fluorescence sensor for Cu2+ ion. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 139(1), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.09.028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Naik, R. R., Stringer, S. J., Agarwal, G., Jones, S. E., & Stone, M. O. (2002). Biomimetic synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles. Nature Materials, 1(3), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wei, F., Yu, H., Hu, M., Xu, G., Cai, Z., Yang, J., … Hu, Q. (2012). Manganese modified CdTe/CdS quantum dots as a highly selective probe to detect trace copper element in beer samples. Analytical Methods, 4(5), 1438–1444. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ay05794h

  54. Kelly, R. T., & Love, N. G. (2007). Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of nitrate: Detecting nitrification rates and inhibition. Water Environment Research, 79(7), 808–812. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143007x156682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Raynal, B., Lenormand, P., Baron, B., Hoos, S., & England, P. (2010). Quality assessment and optimization of purified protein samples: why and how? Microbial Cell Factories, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-014-0180-6

  56. Taniguchi, M., & Lindsey, J. S. (2018). Database of absorption and fluorescence spectra of >300 common compounds for use in PhotochemCAD. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 94(2), 290–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12860

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Alsaggaf, M. S., Elbaz, A. F., Badawy, S. E., & Moussa, S. H. (2020). Anticancer and antibacterial activity of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2020, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4909054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Loa, J. D. A., Castellanos-Angeles, A., García-Tejeda, L. Á., Rivas-Castillo, A. M., & Rojas-Avelizapa, N. G. (2021). Assessment of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles synthesis by cadmium-tolerant fungi. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 297, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82064-0_12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Coello, V. (2019). Nanofotónica. Los grandes avances y retos de un mundo pequeño. Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 13(24), e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2020.24.69607

  60. Perucho, J., Gonzalo-Gobernado, R., Bazan, E., Casarejos, M. J., Jiménez-Escrig, A., Asensio, M. J., & Herranz, A. S. (2015). Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths to analyze amino acids and optimize neurotransmitters quantification using precolumn OPA-derivatization by HPLC. Amino Acids, 47(5), 963–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-015-1925-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Gadalla, A., Almokhtar, M., & Abouelkhir, A. N. (2018). Effect of Mn doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of CdS diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles. Chalcogenide Letters, 15(4), 207–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Khan, A. (2012). CdS nanoparticles with a thermoresponsive polymer: Synthesis and properties. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/451506

  63. Kozhevnikova, N. S., Vorokh, A. S., & Uritskaya, A. A. (2015). Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles prepared by chemical bath deposition. Russian Chemical Reviews, 84(3), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1070/rcr4452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Su, J., Zhang, T., Li, Y., Chen, Y., & Liu, M. (2016). Photocatalytic activities of copper doped cadmium sulfide microspheres prepared by a facile ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis method. Molecules, 21(6), 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Qu, C., Yang, S., Mortimer, M., Zhang, M., Chen, J., Wu, Y., … Huang, Q. (2022). Functional group diversity for the adsorption of lead(Pb) to bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances. Environmental Pollution, 295, 118651. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.118651

  66. Atieh, M. A., Bakather, O. Y., Al-Tawbini, B., Bukhari, A. A., Abuilaiwi, F. A., & Fettouhi, M. B. (2010). Effect of carboxylic functional group functionalized on carbon nanotubes surface on the removal of lead from water. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/603978

  67. Pietrzyk, D. J., & Frank, C. W. (1979). Oxidizing and reducing agents as titrants in analytical chemistry. In D. Pietrzyk & C. W. Frank (Eds.), Analytical chemistry (pp. 265–290). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-555160-1.50016-2

  68. Christensen, L., & Stulc, D. (1979). Reacciones químicas que afectan la filtrabilidad en el acondicionamiento de lodos de hierro y cal en JSTOR. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 51, 499–512. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25040453

  69. Howell, O. R., & Jackson, A. (1933). The change in the absorption spectrum of cobalt chloride in aqueous solution with increasing concentration of hydrochloric acid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 142(847), 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPA.1933.0190

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author thanks the Biochemical Engineer Ma. Lourdes Palma Tirado for her support with the transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Funding

The project was funded by Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) by the project A1-S-31777.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Qro. CP. 76090, Querétaro, México

    J. D. A. Loa, I. A. Cruz-Rodríguez & N. G. Rojas-Avelizapa

Authors
  1. J. D. A. Loa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. A. Cruz-Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. G. Rojas-Avelizapa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

J.D.A. Loa: investigation, methodology, writing, editing, formal analysis; I.A. Cruz-Rodríguez: writing, review, visualization; N. G. Rojas-Avelizapa: conceptualization, validation, review, editing, visualization, supervision, project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. G. Rojas-Avelizapa.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable. The research did not involve human participants.

Consent to Publish

Not applicable. The research did not involve human participants.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 2507 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Loa, J.D.A., Cruz-Rodríguez, I.A. & Rojas-Avelizapa, N.G. Colorimetric Detection of Metals Using CdS-NPs Synthesized by an Organic Extract of Aspergillus niger. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 4148–4163 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04341-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04341-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation