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Protective Effects of Fermented Houttuynia cordata Against UVA and H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Keratinocytes

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Abstract

The biological activities of Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) fermented with Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans) was investigated for human skin keratinocyte-induced chemical and photo oxidations. In this research, H2O2/UVA-induced HaCaT cell lines were treated with H. cordata water/ethanol extracts (HCW/HCE) and fermented with A. pullulans water/ethanol extracts (HCFW/HCFE). A. pullulans fermented with H. cordata (HCFW) increased in 5.4-folds of total polyphenol (HCFW 46.89 mg GAE/extract g), and 2.3-folds in flavonoids (HCFW 53.80 mg GAE/extract g) compared with water extracts of H. cordata (HCW). Further, no significant cytotoxicity for HaCaT cells showed by all the extracts of H. cordata fermented with A. pullulans. HCFW extracts have significantly lowered inflammation factors such as COX-2 and Hsp70 proteins in oxidative stressed HaCaT cells induced by H2O2 and UVA treatments. All H. cordata extracts significantly downregulated gene expression involved in oxidative stress and inflammation factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MMP-1 in the H2O2/UVA-treated HaCaT cells. However, keratin-1 gene expression in the UVA-treated HaCaT cells was increased in twofolds by HCFW extracts. Further, A. pullulans fermented H. cordata extracts (HCFW/HCFE) reduced the genes involved in oxidative stresses more effectively than those of H. cordata extract only. Overall, the polyphenol-rich extracts of H. cordata fermented with A. pullulans showed synergistic protective effects for human epidermal keratinocytes to prevent photoaging and intrinsic aging by anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory functions.

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Data Availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Core Research Support Center for Natural Products and Medical Materials at Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, the Republic of Korea, for technical support regarding PCR analysis using the RT-PCR and Freeze Dryer (FDA5518). This work has been supported by Stemforce Inc., Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.

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  1. Nakyoung Kwon and Ramachandran Vinaygam contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Nakyoung Kwon, Ramachandran Vinayagam, Kyung Eun Lee & Sang Gu Kang

  2. Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Geum Sook Do

  3. Stemforce, 313 Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Kyung Eun Lee

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Contributions

Nakyoung Kwon: experiment. Ramachandran Vinayagam: writing-original draft, data curation, and editing. Geum Sook Do: data curation, writing, and editing of the manuscript. Kyung Eun Lee: experiment design, perform experiments, methodology development, data curation, and material support. Sang Gu Kang: experiment design, writing and editing the manuscript, and project supervision. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Kwon, N., Vinayagam, R., Do, G.S. et al. Protective Effects of Fermented Houttuynia cordata Against UVA and H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 3027–3046 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04241-8

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