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Modeling and Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Croton macrostachyus Leaves Oil

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Abstract

The biodiesel produced from Croton macrostachyus (CM) leaves mostly contains unsaturated fatty acid esters with low stability of oxidation. A Croton macrostachyus (CM) leaf, a non-edible resource, was utilized to produce biodiesel. This novel work focuses on the trans-esterification of species known as CM leaves oil to produce biodiesel with the help of CaO nanoparticle (CaO NPs)–catalyzed technique. The esterification process is optimized utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Four parameters that affect the production of biodiesel from Croton macrostachyus (CM) leaves oil have been examined. The optimum operating conditions for the selected four factors have been investigated as reaction time 25.95 min, temperature 63.325 °C, methanol to oil ratio 28.093:1 in mg/L, and catalyst concentration 3.001%wt with a desirability value of 1. Under the predicted parameters, to optimize the production of biodiesel, the quadratic mathematical models were developed. The optimized trans-esterification result showed that a 96.375% yield of biodiesel (FAME) was found. Three different experimental runs were carried out to validate the proposed model by using the optimized process parameters, and 95.818% (average) of experimental yield have been found. The CM leaves oil biodiesel physicochemical properties were obtained, and it was observed all the tasted properties agree with fuel specifications set by ASTM D6751 standards. In conclusion, this work formulates the baseline and the need for future exploration of CM leaves oil for biodiesel production through different methods.

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Data Availability

All data analyzed during this study are included in this research article.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the staff members of the School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory staff members at Jimma Institute of Technology for their knowledge sharing and technical support. This work was financially supported by the Jimma Institute of Technology Center of Excellence- CRGE RESOURCE CART (Climate Resilient Green Economy Resource Centre for Advanced Research and Training—Linking Energy with Water and Agriculture).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Edo Begna Jiru, Ermias Girma Aklilu & Ramachandra Kasirajan

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Venkata Ramayya Ancha

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  1. Edo Begna Jiru
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  2. Ermias Girma Aklilu
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  3. Ramachandra Kasirajan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to research design and experimental work. The research work was conceptualized by Dr. Edo B. Jiru and Mr. Ermias G. Aklilu, and material preparation, data collection, and analyses were performed by Dr. Edo B. Jiru and Ramachandran Kasirajan, and supervision was performed by prof. Venkata Ramayya. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dr. Edo B. Jiru, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Edo Begna Jiru.

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Jiru, E.B., Aklilu, E.G., Kasirajan, R. et al. Modeling and Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Croton macrostachyus Leaves Oil . Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 6037–6052 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04082-5

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