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Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria and their potential clinical applications

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Abstract

Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that have long been used in the food industry. Being a highly diverse and heterogeneous group of molecules the classification is ever-evolving. Their production is widespread among bacteria; nevertheless, their biosynthesis and mode of action remain fairly similar. With the advances in drug resistance mechanisms, it is important to look for alternatives to conventional approaches. Therefore, the advantages of bacteriocin over antibiotics need to be considered to provide a scientific basis for their use. Particularly in the last decade, intensive studies look at their potential as next-generation therapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are being tested as controlling agents for bacterial and viral infections; they can inhibit biofilm synthesis and have potential as contraceptives. Bioengineered peptides have shown enhanced activity and thereby indicate the lack of knowledge we possess regarding these bacteriocins. In this review, we have listed various Gram-positive LAB bacteriocins with their synthesis and mechanism of action. Recent developments in screening and purification technologies have been analyzed with an emphasis on their potential clinical applications. Although extensive research has been done to identify multifunctional bacteriocins, it is important to focus on the mechanism of action of these peptides to get them from bench to bedside.

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The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Mr. Anoop Kumar Yadav for proofreading the manuscript and providing intellectual inputs. Scientific illustrations were Created with BioRender.com.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra, 410206, India

    Abigail Fernandes & Renitta Jobby

  2. Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra, 410206, India

    Renitta Jobby

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The idea of the project and the design of the work are conceived and supervised by Renitta Jobby along with supervising the interpretation of the findings, and manuscript writing. Abigail Fernandes carried out the literature search and wrote the manuscript with support from Renitta Jobby. Abigail Fernandes took the lead in writing and editing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the manuscript.

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Significance and impact

Bacteriocins have long been investigated for food packaging.

They can be used to overcome antibiotic resistance.

Bioengineered bacteriocins reduce the risk of rejection and associated side effects when administered as adjuvants.

LAB bacteriocins can be used as next-generation therapeutics.

This review provides a rationale to investigate the potential of LAB bacteriocins to overcome antibiotic overuse.

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Fernandes, A., Jobby, R. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria and their potential clinical applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 4377–4399 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03870-3

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