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Biodegradation of Endosulfan—a Chlorinated Cyclodiene Pesticide by Indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01

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Abstract

Endosulfan remains as a lipophilic insecticide that causes serious medical problems because of biological stability and toxicity also found in air, water, soil sediments, and foodstuffs. Henceforward, the present study reveals a novel bacterial species isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil for enhanced endosulfan degradation. Next, isolated bacterial species was characterized with biochemical assays and 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Subsequently, the optimal conditions for endosulfan biodegradation such as pH, concentration of endosulfan, and bacterial growth were estimated with non-sulfur medium (NSM). Sequentially, the amount of endosulfan and compound degradation were analyzed through thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall, the obtained results revealed the endosulfan acting as primary carbon source for bacterial growth. From the GC-MS analysis, the metabolic products released during endosulfan degradation by Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 were compared with standard GC-MS spectra. The highest (98%) endosulfan degradation was obtained at pH 7.0. The complete endosulfan degradation was achieved at 14th day of incubation and the less toxic endosulfan diol produced was observed via GC-MS. To conclude, the pesticide-contaminated isolate Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 emerged as a promising bioremediation tool and effectively employed to degrade endosulfan from contaminated soils, sediments, and wastewaters in the days yet to come.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from DBT-Star Scheme and DST-FIST Scheme. The authors are grateful to the management, principal, and deans of Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College and Karpagam Institute of Higher Education, who provided great research facilities and infrastructures of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India

    Selvakumar Sakthivel & Anand Raj Dhanapal

  2. PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641048, India

    Radha Palaniswamy, Soundarya Dhandapani & Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan

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  1. Selvakumar Sakthivel
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  2. Anand Raj Dhanapal
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  3. Radha Palaniswamy
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  4. Soundarya Dhandapani
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  5. Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan
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Contributions

S.K.S performed the overall experiments. R.P and S.D analyzed the GC-MS results and data interpretation throughout the entire manuscript. A.R.D evaluated and designed the entire manuscript. M.N.K coordinated the entire work and wrote the entire manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan.

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Sakthivel, S., Dhanapal, A.R., Palaniswamy, R. et al. Biodegradation of Endosulfan—a Chlorinated Cyclodiene Pesticide by Indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 2747–2761 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03869-w

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