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Bio-efficacy of Soil Actinomycetes and an Isolated Molecule 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid from Nonomuraea sp. Against Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Vector-borne diseases such as filariasis and dengue that contribute significantly to disease burden, death, poverty, and social frailty are still a major public healthcare problem worldwide. Currently, synthetic chemicals have been used in mosquito control programs. However, repeated use of chemical insecticides causes environmental pollution and harmful effects on non-target organisms. Therefore, alternative ecofriendly sources from biological source are urgently needed to manage mosquitoes. In this respect, the present study was aimed to evaluate mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activities of 22 crude extracts of soil actinomycetes on Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti and to identify the active molecule. Briefly, the crude ethyl acetate extract and fractions were tested at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ppm and 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 ppm concentrations on larval and pupal stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The larval and pupal mortality was assessed after 24 h of treatment. Among the 22 isolates screened, Nonomuraea sp. VAS-16 exhibited significant larvicidal and pupicidal activities against the tested mosquito species. Among the 18 fractions screened, fraction-6 showed strong larvicidal and pupicidal activities with the LC50 and LC90 values of 9.1, 18.7, 9.82, and 22.85 ppm against the larvae and LC50 and LC90 values of 10.5, 23.1, 12.3, and 24.13 ppm against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. Fascinatingly, the isolated compound 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid from fraction-6 at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm concentration recorded lower LC50 and LC90 values of 4.27, 14.90, 4.67, and 11.90 ppm against the larvae and LC50 and LC90 values of 4.58, 12.06, 5.36, and 13.07 ppm against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. On the other hand, the compound recorded less ovicidal activity of 11.0% and 10.3% at 2 ppm against the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. The present study clearly shows that the crude extract and the compound from Nonomuraea sp. VAS-16 can be used as an effective biopesticide in integrated mosquito management program.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to lab attendants, who are involved in maintaining cyclic colony of mosquitoes and helped in conducting all the experiments.

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Author notes

  1. Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar and Appadurai Daniel Reegan contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510 301, China

    Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar

  2. Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier’s College, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Palayamkottai, 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar & Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

  3. National Centre for Disease Control, Bengaluru Branch, No:8, NTI Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560 003, Karnataka, India

    Appadurai Daniel Reegan

  4. P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar College, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Melaneelithanallur, Tenkasi, 627 953, Tamil Nadu, India

    Karunakaran Rajakumari & Antony Cruz Asharaja

  5. Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kedike Balakrishna

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Isolation of soil actinomycetes, media preparation, isolation and identification of active compound, bio-assay experiments, data collection, and data analysis were performed by Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar and Appadurai Daniel Reegan. Spectroscopic analysis of the compound was performed by Kedike Balakrishna. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Appadurai Daniel Reegan. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar or Appadurai Daniel Reegan.

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Saravana Kumar, P., Reegan, A.D., Rajakumari, K. et al. Bio-efficacy of Soil Actinomycetes and an Isolated Molecule 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid from Nonomuraea sp. Against Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 4765–4782 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03766-8

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