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The Inhibitory Effect of Cyclodextrin on Oxygen Bioavailability Is a Key Factor for the Metabolic Flux Redistribution Toward Steroid Alcohols in Phytosterol Resting Cells Bioconversion

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Abstract

In the present work, we tried to identify the mechanism why by which the steroid alcohols accumulated when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was present to enhance the sterol conversion rate. Compared with the bioconversion system without HP-β-CD, the reaction rate was greatly improved in presence of HP-β-CD, but the steroid alcohols largely accumulated concurrently. In a reaction system with an enhanced reaction rate, the higher intracellular NADH/NAD+ level was detected, and the production of steroid alcohols increased also. Mycobacterium neoaurum mutants with higher KshA activity (3-ketosteroid 9α-hydrolase, a monooxygenase hydroxylating the nucleus at C-9 at the expense of NAD(P)H consumption) reduced the steroid alcohol production, and in the meantime, the NADH/NAD+ level was decreased consequently. Further research found that oxygen availability was seriously inhibited by the cyclodextrin in a reaction system. These results indicated that NADH formed in the bioconversion was not properly regenerated via the respiratory chain because of the poor oxygen bioavailability. The inhibitory effect of cyclodextrin on oxygen bioavailability is a key factor for the metabolic flux redistribution toward steroid alcohols in phytosterol resting cells bioconversion.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570079, 21276083).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Xue-Dong Wang, Kuan Chen, Dan-Dan Cao & Dong-Zhi Wei

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  1. Xue-Dong Wang
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  2. Kuan Chen
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  3. Dan-Dan Cao
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  4. Dong-Zhi Wei
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Contributions

Xue-Dong Wang designed the experiments. Kuan Chen and Dan-Dan Cao performed the experiments. Xue-Dong Wang and Dong-Zhi Wei analyzed the experimental data and wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript at all stages.

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Correspondence to Xue-Dong Wang.

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Wang, XD., Chen, K., Cao, DD. et al. The Inhibitory Effect of Cyclodextrin on Oxygen Bioavailability Is a Key Factor for the Metabolic Flux Redistribution Toward Steroid Alcohols in Phytosterol Resting Cells Bioconversion. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193, 2443–2454 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03540-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03540-w

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