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Ionic Liquid Tolerance of Yeasts in Family Dipodascaceae and Genus Wickerhamomyces

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Abstract

In previous studies of ionic liquid (IL) tolerance of numerous species of ascomycetous yeasts, two strains of Wickerhamomyces ciferrii and Galactomyces candidus had unusually high tolerance in media containing up to 5% (w/v) of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]). The study aimed at investigating whether additional strains of these species, and additional species in the Dipodascaceae family, also possess IL tolerance, and to compare sensitivity to the acetate and chloride versions of the ionic liquid. Fifty five yeast strains in the family Dipodascaceae, which encompasses genera Galactomyces, Geotrichum, and Dipodascus, and seven yeast strains of species Wickerhamomyces ciferrii were tested for ability to grow in laboratory medium containing no IL, 242 mM [C2C1Im][OAc], or 242 mM [C2C1Im]Cl, and in IL-pretreated switchgrass hydrolysate. Many yeasts exhibited tolerance of one or both ILs, with higher tolerance of the chloride anion than of the acetate anion. Different strains of the same species exhibited varying degrees of IL tolerance. Galactomyces candidus, UCDFSTs 52–260, and 50–64, had exceptionally robust growth in [C2C1Im][OAc], and also grew well in the switchgrass hydrolysate. Identification of IL tolerant and IL resistant yeast strains will facilitate studies of the mechanism of IL tolerance, which could include superior efflux, metabolism or exclusion.

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Acknowledgements

John Butler, Luis A. Garay, Erin Cathcart, Julian Lopez, Jennifer L. Lincoln, Kent Makishima, and Shanny Krisna are gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance. The authors express gratitude to Dr. Gianluigi Cardinali (University of Perugia, Italy) for providing novel yeast species.

Funding

Work performed at the Joint BioEnergy Institute was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Irnayuli Sitepu, Lauren Enriquez, Valerie Nguyen, Russell Fry, Christopher Simmons & Kyria L. Boundy-Mills

  2. Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA

    Blake Simmons & Steve Singer

  3. Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA

    Blake Simmons

  4. Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA

    Steve Singer

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  1. Irnayuli Sitepu
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Correspondence to Kyria L. Boundy-Mills.

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Sitepu, I., Enriquez, L., Nguyen, V. et al. Ionic Liquid Tolerance of Yeasts in Family Dipodascaceae and Genus Wickerhamomyces. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 191, 1580–1593 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-020-03293-y

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