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Development of a Reversible Indicator Displacement Assay Based on the 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol for Colorimetric Determination of Cysteine in Biological Samples and Its Application to Constructing the Paper Test Strips and a Molecular-Scale Set/Reset Memorized Device

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Abstract

A new colorimetric chemosensor for naked-eye detection and determination of cysteine (Cys) based on indicator displacement assay (IDA) was designed using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The indicator exchange occurred between PAN and Cys by the addition of Cys to the Cu(PAN)2 complex, which is accomplished by an immediate visible color change from magenta to yellow, in the solution phase and paper-based test strips. The proposed method exhibits 0.35 μmol L−1 detection limit and good linearity in the range of 2.25–42.91 μmol L−1. Paper test strips presented a detection limit of 38.0 μmol L−1, fabricating an easy to use test kit for compatible “in-the-field” detection of Cys. The computer image analysis of the paper test strips, obtained from the CMYK color analysis system, showed a linear increase in Y (yellow) intensity with enhancement in the Cys concentration of 50.0–550.0 μmol L−1. Additionally, the absorption and color change obtained in this chemosensor operate as an “INHIBIT” logic gate considering Cu2+ and Cys as inputs. Eventually, based on such a fast, reversible, and reproducible signal, a molecular-scale sequential memory unit was designed displaying “Writing–Reading–Erasing–Reading” and “Multi-Write” behavior. The developed chemosensor presented a satisfactory repeatability, intermediate precision, and successful application for the selective determination of Cys in human biological fluids.

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Funding

The authors wish to acknowledge the support of this work by Payame Noor University Research Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-4697, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Gohar Deilamy-Rad, Khadijeh Asghari & Hossein Tavallali

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  1. Gohar Deilamy-Rad
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  3. Hossein Tavallali
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Correspondence to Hossein Tavallali.

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Highlights

• A novel IDA colorimetric chemosensor was developed for the determination of cysteine.

• The paper-based chemosensor was designed according to the IDA mechanism.

• The prepared test kit was analyzed using a digital camera and the CMYK software.

• The paper strips can be applied in clinical analysis in combination with a camera.

• The color changes in aqueous and paper-based chemosensors are reversible.

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Deilamy-Rad, G., Asghari, K. & Tavallali, H. Development of a Reversible Indicator Displacement Assay Based on the 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol for Colorimetric Determination of Cysteine in Biological Samples and Its Application to Constructing the Paper Test Strips and a Molecular-Scale Set/Reset Memorized Device. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 192, 85–102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-019-03165-0

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