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DNA Damage and Effects on Antioxidative Enzymes in Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Induced by Flumorph

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Abstract

Flumorph is an Oomycete fungicide, which is used extensively as an effective fungicide in vegetables and fruits, but little is known about its effect on nontarget soil organisms. In the present study, biochemical responses including changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA damage induced by flumorph were investigated in earthworms (Eisenis fetida). The CAT concentrations were stimulated at 5.0 mg kg−1 over 28 days and inhibited at 10 and 20 mg kg−1, except 10 mg kg−1 on days 21 and 28 compared with the controls. The overall SOD activities were inhibited except 5 mg kg−1 on day 28 and 10 mg kg−1 on days 7 and 14. Meanwhile, the GST activities were stimulated on day 7 and decreased on the other days in summary. The MDA activities were increased notably at 5, 10, and 20 mg kg−1 after 14 days. Clear dose-dependent DNA damage to Eisenia fetida was observed by olive tail moments in comet assay compared with controls. The results demonstrate that flumorph induces oxidative stress and DNA damage to earthworms, and the effects may be the important mechanisms of its toxicity.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31240005), Agriculture Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province, China (nos. 2011211001 and 2009209001), Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (no. LJQ2013002), Startup Foundation for Doctors of Liaoning University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China

    Xiangyu Cao, Jianli Liu & Wei Yang

  2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Chao Yang

  3. School of Environment Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China

    Xiujuan Hui, Shuangshuang Li & Yanan Tian

  4. National Shenyang Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China

    Leiming Cai

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  1. Xiangyu Cao
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  2. Chao Yang
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  4. Xiujuan Hui
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  5. Wei Yang
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Correspondence to Xiujuan Hui.

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Cao, X., Yang, C., Liu, J. et al. DNA Damage and Effects on Antioxidative Enzymes in Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Induced by Flumorph. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172, 2276–2285 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0662-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0662-8

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