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The effect of rue (Ruta graveolens) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts as antifouling agents in silicone matrix coatings

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Abstract

The use of rue extract and ginger oleoresin as natural antifouling agents in a silicone matrix was verified in this work. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analysis identified a series of compounds with bactericidal properties in the two investigated natural products. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that the addition of rue extract and ginger oleoresin in the silicone matrix increased the thermal stability of the formed films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the presence of both antifouling agents increases the velocity of water diffusion into the film, improving contact between marine water and the two products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that both antifouling agents were trapped inside the silicone matrix. Bacterial adhesion tests showed that rue extract reduced the adhesion of gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, while ginger oleoresin did not show any significant effect. Optical microscopy images demonstrated that the presence of rue extract slightly increased the film’s porosity without impairing the silicone hydrophobicity, while ginger oleoresin significantly altered the film’s morphology (reducing the water contact angle). Finally, the sample containing rue extract showed excellent results against marine fouling after 6 months of immersion in a real marine environment. The polymer containing ginger oleoresin showed satisfactory results against marine fouling; however, the film showed adhesion failures after 6 months.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Brazilian government agency CNPq (Process 160187/2019-2) which provided the financial support for this study and the scholarship for A.V. Zmozinski.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43421, Sala 220, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501-970, Brazil

    Ariane V. Zmozinski, Alexandre José Macedo, Amanda Pasinato Napp, Henrique Alves de Brito, Marilene H. Vainstein & Augusto Schrank

  2. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre, Rua Coronel Vicente 281, Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90030-041, Brazil

    Rafael S. Peres

  3. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Flávia Roberta Brust & Alexandre José Macedo

  4. Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil

    Emilene Mendes Becker

  5. Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil

    Marilene H. Vainstein & Augusto Schrank

  6. LAPOL/PPGE3M - Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil

    Carlos Arthur Ferreira

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  1. Ariane V. Zmozinski
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  2. Rafael S. Peres
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Correspondence to Ariane V. Zmozinski.

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Zmozinski, A.V., Peres, R.S., Brust, F.R. et al. The effect of rue (Ruta graveolens) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts as antifouling agents in silicone matrix coatings. J Coat Technol Res 18, 1013–1025 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00454-w

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