Abstract
The wear properties of a textured polyester powder coating with pyrogenic silica nanoparticles addition were evaluated. Raw powders of a commercial, textured polyester organic coating were mixed with low amounts of SiO2 nanoparticles (0.5–3 wt%) using ball milling, a simple and economical method. Nanoparticles were mixed into the powder of thermoset organic coating for 10 min in a two-body planetary ball mill. Particle size distribution of the powder was measured to evaluate the milling effect. The coatings were applied and cured in an industrial installation on aluminum substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the coatings were taken to analyze the homogeneity of the organic coating. Roughness, gloss and color were measured in order to evaluate their appearance. The effect of nanoparticles on abrasive and erosion wear performances was measured. Pin-on-disk wear tests were carried out. Erosion measurements were performed with free fall of sand on the samples, a test based on ASTM D968 standard. The results showed that the milling process provides a good distribution of nanoparticles as no agglomerates were found. The addition of 0.5 wt% silica nanoparticles allows for improvement of the wear resistance of the coatings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shi, Q, Huang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Xu, Y, Guo, G, “Curing of Polyester Powder Coating Modified with Rutile Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide Studied by DSC and Real-Time FT-IR.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 108 (3) 1243–1249 (2012)
Mirabedini, SM, Kiamanesh, A, “The Effect of Micro and Nano-Sized Particles on Mechanical and Adhesion Properties of a Clear Polyester Powder Coating.” Prog. Org. Coat., 76 (11) 1625–1632 (2013)
Huang, Q, Zhang, H, Zhu, J, “Flow Properties of Fine Powders in Powder Coating.” Particuology, 8 (1) 19–27 (2010)
Barletta, M, Gisario, A, Trovalusci, F, Vesco, S, “Visual Appearance and Scratch Resistance of High Performance Thermoset and Thermoplastic Powder Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 76 (1) 244–256 (2013)
Jarka, P, Tański, T, Matysiak, W, Krzemiński, Ł, Hajduk, B, Bilewicz, M, “Manufacturing and Investigation of Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Composite Thin Films Reinforced by TiO2, Bi2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 424 206–212 (2017)
Yu, H, Wang, L, Shi, Q, Jiang, S, Jiang, G, “Preparation of Epoxy Resin/CaCO3 Nanocomposites and Performance of Resultant Powder Coatings.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101 (4) 2656–2660 (2006)
Kalaee, M, Akhlaghi, S, Nouri, A, Mazinani, S, Mortezaei, M, Afshari, M, Mostafanezhad, D, Dehaghi, HA, Amirsadri, A, Gohari, DP, “Effect of Nano-Sized Calcium Carbonate on Cure Kinetics and Properties of Polyester/Epoxy Blend Powder Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 71 (2) 173–180 (2011)
Jawahar, P, Gnanamoorthy, R, Balasubramanian, M, “Tribological Behaviour of Clay—Thermoset Polyester Nanocomposites.” Wear, 261 (7–8) 835–840 (2006)
Sierros, KA, Kukureka, SN, “Tribological Investigation of Thin Polyester Substrates for Displays.” Wear, 263 (7–12) 992–999 (2007)
Palraj, S, Selvaraj, M, Maruthan, K, Rajagopal, G, “Corrosion and Wear Resistance Behavior of Nano-Silica Epoxy Composite Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 81 132–139 (2015)
Zhou, S, Wu, L, Sun, J, Shen, W, “The Change of the Properties of Acrylic-Based Polyurethane Via Addition of Nano-Silica.” Prog. Org. Coat., 45 (1) 33–42 (2002)
Sabzi, M, Mirabedini, SM, Zohuriaan-Mehr, J, Atai, M, “Surface Modification of TiO2 Nano-Particles with Silane Coupling Agent and Investigation of its Effect on the Properties of Polyurethane Composite Coating.” Prog. Org. Coat., 65 (2) 222–228 (2009)
Maganty, S, Roma, MPC, Meschter, SJ, Starkey, D, Gomez, M, Edwards, DG, Ekin, A, Elsken, K, Cho, J, “Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Composite Coatings Through Nanosilica Addition.” Prog. Org. Coat., 90 243–251 (2016)
Golgoon, A, Aliofkhazraei, M, Toorani, M, Moradi, MH, Rouhaghdam, AS, “Corrosion and Wear Properties of Nanoclay-Polyester Nanocomposite Coatings Fabricated by Electrostatic Method.” Proc. Mater. Sci., 11 536–541 (2015)
Chen, C, Qiu, S, Cui, M, Qin, S, Yan, G, Zhao, H, Wang, L, Xue, Q, “Achieving High Performance Corrosion and Wear Resistant Epoxy Coatings Via Incorporation of Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene.” Carbon, 114 356–366 (2017)
Piazza, D, Baldissera, AF, Kunst, SR, Rieder, ES, Scienza, LC, Ferreira, CA, Zattera, AJ, “Influence of the Addition of Montmorillonite in an Epoxy Powder Coating Applied on Carbon Steel.” Mater. Res., 18 (5) 897–903 (2015)
Sharifi, M, Ebrahimi, M, Jafarifard, S, “Preparation and Characterization of a High Performance Powder Coating Based on Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite.” Prog. Org. Coat., 106 69–76 (2017)
Piazza, D, Silveira, DS, Lorandi, NP, Birriel, EJ, Scienza, LC, Zattera, AJ, “Polyester-Based Powder Coatings with Montmorillonite Nanoparticles Applied on Carbon Steel.” Prog. Org. Coat., 73 (1) 42–46 (2012)
Moradi, MH, Aliofkhazraei, M, Toorani, M, Golgoon, A, Rouhaghdam, AS, “SiAlON–Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings Corrosion and Wear Behavior.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133 (35) 1–13 (2016)
Zhou, S, Gu, G, “Study on the Morphology and Tribological Properties of Acrylic Based Polyurethane/Fumed Silica Composite Coatings.” J. Mater. Sci., 39 (5) 1593–1600 (2004)
Hikku, GS, Jeyasubramanian, K, Vignesh Kumarb, S, “Nanoporous MgO as Self-Cleaning and Anti-Bacterial Pigment for Alkyd Based Coating.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 52 168–178 (2017)
Kiil, S, “Mathematical Modeling of Pigment Dispersion Taking into Account the Full Agglomerate Particle Size Distribution.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 14 (1) 69–84 (2017)
Halász, L, Belina, K, “An Investigation into the Curing of Epoxy Powder Coating Systems.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 119 (3) 1971–1980 (2015)
Belder, EG, Rutten, HJJ, Perera, DY, “Cure Characterization of Powder Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 42 (3–4) 142–149 (2001)
Gioia, C, Minesso, A, Cavalieri, R, Marchese, P, Celli, A, Colonna, M, “Powder Coatings for Indoor Applications from Renewable Resources and Recycled Polymers.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 12 (3) 555–562 (2015)
Carvalho, RM, de Tavares, LM, “Predicting the Effect of Operating and Design Variables on Breakage Rates Using the Mechanistic Ball Mill Model.” Miner. Eng., 43 (1) 91–101 (2013)
Barrios, GKP, Carvalho, RM, de Tavares, LM, “Modeling Breakage of Monodispersed Particles in Unconfined Beds.” Miner. Eng., 24 (3–4) 308–318 (2011)
Valdesueiro, D, Hettinga, H, Drijfhout, JP, Lips, P, Meesters, GMH, Kreutzer, MT, van Ommen, JR, “Tuning Roughness and Gloss of Powder Coating Paint by Encapsulating the Coating Particles with Thin Al2O3 Films.” Powder Technol., 318 401–410 (2017)
Pantoja, M, Abenojar, J, Martinez, MA, “Influence of the Type of Solvent on the Development of Superhydrophobicity from Silane-Based Solution Containing Nanoparticles.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 397 (1) 87–94 (2017)
Biris, AS, Mazumder, MK, Yurteri, CU, Sims, RA, Snodgrass, J, De, S, “Gloss and Texture Control of Powder Coated Films.” Part. Sci. Technol., 19 (3) 199–217 (2001)
Gonnet, J, “Colour Effects of Co-Pigmentation of Anthocyanins Revisited-2. A Colorimetric Look at the Solucions of Cyanin Co-Pigmented by Rutin Using the CIELAB Scale.” Food Chem., 66 (3) 387–394 (1999)
Franceschi, E, Letardi, P, Luciano, G, “Colour Measurements on Patinas and Coatings System for Outdoor Bronze Monument.” J. Cult. Herit., 7 (3) 166–170 (2006)
ST, D, Johansson, M, “Properties of Powder Coatings in Load Carrying Construction.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 2 (6) 473–481 (2005)
Xing, XS, Li, RKY, “Wear Behavior of Epoxy Matrix Composites Filled with Uniform Sized Sub-Micron Spherical Silica Particles.” Wear, 256 (1–2) 21–26 (2004)
Malaki, M, Hashemzadeh, Y, Karevan, M, “Effect of Nano-Silica on the Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Polyurethane Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 101 477–485 (2016)
Zhou, SX, Wu, LM, Sun, J, Shen, WD, “Effect of Nanosilica on the Properties of Polyester-Based Polyurethane.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88 (1) 189–193 (2003)
Domun, N, Hadavinia, H, Zhang, T, Sainsbury, T, Liaghat, GH, Vahid, S, “Improving the Fracture Toughness and the Strength of Epoxy Using Nanomaterials—A Review of the Current Status.” Nanoscale, 7 (23) 10294–10329 (2015)
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support of Interreg SUDOE, through KrEaTive Habitat project (Ref. SOE1/P1/E0307), as well as Cubson International Consulting for their help with the coating process.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernández-Álvarez, M., Velasco, F. & Bautista, A. Effect on wear resistance of nanoparticles addition to a powder polyester coating through ball milling. J Coat Technol Res 15, 771–779 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0106-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0106-z