Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation of UV-cured spironaphthooxazine/silica/polyacrylate photochromic hard coatings on plastic substrates

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hard coatings exhibiting photochromic properties were prepared by UV-curing of formulations that incorporated surface-modified silica nanoparticles, hexa-functional curing agent, and organic dye (spironaphthooxazine) on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates. Spectroscopic studies of the coatings indicated effective photochromic activities over the visible range in response to UV irradiation (365 nm). The color density and bleaching performance were found to depend on the silica and dye contents in the coatings; generally, increasing either quantity could increase the color density and raise the initial bleaching rate, and yet it took a longer time to completely bleach the coatings. Furthermore, the coatings were very hard (8H), attached perfectly (5B) on the substrate, and were much more wear-resistant than pure PMMA against the CS-10 abradant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tamai, N, Miyasaka, H, “Ultrafast Dynamics of Photochromic Systems.” Chem. Rev., 100 (5) 1875–1890 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ichimura, K, “Photochromic Materials: A Molecular Cushion for Isomerization.” Nat. Mater., 4 (3) 193–194 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Evans, RA, Hanley, TL, Skidmore, MA, Davis, TP, Such, GK, Yee, LH, Ball, GE, Lewis, DA, “The Generic Enhancement of Photochromic Dye Switching Speeds in a Rigid Polymer Matrix.” Nat. Mater., 4 (3) 249–253 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Klajn, R, “Spiropyran-Based Dynamic Materials.” Chem. Soc. Rev., 43 (1) 148–184 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pardo, R, Zayat, M, Levy, D, “Photochromic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials.” Chem. Soc. Rev., 40 (2) 672–687 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fries, K, Frink-Straabe, C, Mennig, M, Schmidt, H, “Photochromic Coatings.” In: Aegerter, MA, Mennig, M (eds.) Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users, pp. 251–259. Springer, Berlin (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Hou, L, Schmidt, H, “Thermal Decoloration Kinetics of Spirooxazines in Ormocer Coatings Prepared via Sol-Gel Processing.” J. Mater. Sci., 31 (13) 3427–3434 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Schaudel, B, Guermeur, C, Sanchez, C, Nakatani, K, Delaire, JA, “Spirooxazine- and Spiropyran-Doped Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Matrices with Very Fast Photochromic Responses.” J. Mater. Chem., 7 (1) 61–65 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mennig, M, Fries, K, Lindenstruth, M, Schmidt, H, “Development of Fast Switching Photochromic Coatings on Transparent Plastics and Glass.” Thin Solid Films, 351 (1–2) 230–234 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wirnsberger, G, Scott, BJ, Chmelka, BF, Stucky, GD, “Fast Response Photochromic Mesostructures.” Adv. Mater., 12 (19) 1450–1454 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Anderson, N, Alberius, P, Örtegren, J, Lindgren, M, Bergstrom, L, “Photochromic Mesostructured Silica Pigments Dispersed in Latex Films.” J. Mater. Chem., 15 (34) 3507–3513 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Spagnoli, S, Block, D, Botzung-Appert, E, Colombier, I, Baldeck, PL, Ibanez, A, Corval, A, “Photochromism of Spiropyran Nanocrystals Embedded in Sol-Gel Matrices.” J. Phys. Chem. B, 109 (18) 8587–8591 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kim, CW, Oh, SW, Kim, YH, Cha, HG, Kang, YS, “Characterization of the Spironaphthooxazine Doped Photochromic Glass: the Effect of Matrix Polarity and Pore Size.” J. Phys. Chem. C, 112 (4) 1140–1145 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pardo, R, Zayat, M, Levy, D, “Reaching Bistability in a Photochromic Spirooxazine Embedded Sol-Gel Hybrid Coatings.” J. Mater. Chem., 19 (37) 6756–6760 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pardo, R, Zayat, M, Levy, D, “Stability Against Photodegradation of a Photochromic Spirooxazine Dye Embedded in Amino-functionalized Sol-Gel Hybrid Coatings.” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 63 (3) 400–407 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Coelho, PJ, Carvalho, LM, Gonçalves, LFFF, Silva, CJR, Campos, AM, Jesus Gomes, M, “Photochromic Hybrid Sol-Gel Films Containing Naphthopyrans.” J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 56 (2) 203–211 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Coelho, PJ, Silva, CJR, Sousa, C, Moreira, SDFC, “Fast and Fully Reversible Photochromic Performance of Hybrid Sol-Gel Films Doped with a Fused-Naphthopyran.” J. Mater. Chem. C, 1 (34) 5387–5394 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yamano, A, Kozuka, H, “Polymethylmethacrylate–Silica Hybrid Thin Films Heavily Doped with Spiropyran and Exhibiting Visual Photochromism and High Mechanical and Chemical Durability.” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 53 (3) 661–665 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yamano, A, Kozuka, H, “Perhydropolysilazane-derived Silica-Polymethylmethacrylate Hybrid Thin Films Highly Doped with Spiropyran: Effects of Polymethylmethacrylate on the Hardness, Chemical Durability and Photochromic Properties.” Thin Solid Films, 519 (6) 1772–1779 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Parhizkar, M, Zhao, Y, Wang, X, Lin, T, “Photostability and Durability Properties of Photochromic Organosilica Coating on Fabric.” J. Eng. Fibers Fabr., 9 (3) 65–73 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fang, Y, Meng, Q, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Jiang, H, Zhao, H, Wang, Y, “A Photochromic Naphthopyran Dye Activated by the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond and Its Photodynamics in the Ormosil Matrix Coating.” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 73 (2) 293–298 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chang, CC, Wang, CS, Chen, YC, Cheng, LP, “Preparation and Characterization of Spironaphthooxazine/Polyacrylate Photochromic Hard Coatings on Plastic Substrates.” J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 17 (2) 167–174 (2014). doi:10.6180/jase

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chang, CC, Huang, FH, Chang, HH, Don, TM, Chen, CC, Cheng, LP, “Preparation of Water-Resistant Antifog Hard Coatings on Plastic Substrate.” Langmuir, 28 (49) 17193–17201 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chang, CC, Oyang, TY, Hwang, FH, Chen, CC, Cheng, LP, “Preparation of Polymer/Silica Hybrid Hard Coatings with Enhanced Hydrophobicity on Plastic Substrates.” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 358 72–76 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chang, CC, Oyang, TY, Chen, YC, Hwang, FH, Cheng, LP, “Preparation of Hydrophobic Nanosilica-Filled Polyacrylate Hard Coatings on Plastic Substrates.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 11 (3) 381–386 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chang, CC, Wu, YT, Cheng, LP, “Preparation of HMDS-Modified Silica/Polyacrylate Hydrophobic Hard Coatings on PMMA Substrates.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 13 (6) 999–1007 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chang, CC, Lin, ZM, Hwang, SH, Cheng, LP, “Preparation of Highly Transparent 13F-Modified Nano-silica/Polymer Hydrophobic Hard Coatings on Plastic Substrates.” J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 18 (4) 387–394 (2015). doi:10.6180/jase

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chang, CC, Huang, FH, Lin, ZM, Cheng, LP, “Thermal Analyses of Dye Disperse Red 1 Grafted Onto Silica Nanoparticles.” J. Coat. Technol. Res., 12 (4) 731–738 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan for financial support (104-2632-E-032-001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Taipei, 25137, Taiwan

    Chao-Ching Chang, Lin Chen & Liao-Ping Cheng

  2. Energy and Opto-Electronic Materials Research Center, Tamkang University, Taipei, 25137, Taiwan

    Chao-Ching Chang & Liao-Ping Cheng

Authors
  1. Chao-Ching Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lin Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Liao-Ping Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liao-Ping Cheng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chang, CC., Chen, L. & Cheng, LP. Preparation of UV-cured spironaphthooxazine/silica/polyacrylate photochromic hard coatings on plastic substrates. J Coat Technol Res 15, 325–332 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-017-9983-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-017-9983-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation