Abstract
High-density, non-thermal, glow-discharge atmospheric-pressure plasma was used for graft polymerization of a vapor deposited fluorocarbon mixture of 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate and 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorododecyl acrylate on undyed cotton fabrics, which furnished a highly durable nanolayer water and oil repellent finish. In this study, monomer vapor was deposited onto cotton fabrics on single and double sides of the fabrics. The influence of monomer flow rate and plasma preactivation was studied. The surface of the cotton treated with fluorocarbons is evaluated using the standard AATCC Test Methods. Surface chemistry and morphology of the treated cotton were characterized using FTIR, XPS, SEM, and TOF–SIMS. Plasma-assisted graft polymerization of fluorocarbon in the presence of the crosslinker pentaerythritol triacrylate (10:1 molar ratio of monomer: crosslinker) resulted in a polyfluorocarbon nanolayer on cotton, which was hydrophobic and durable to one accelerated laundering, which is equivalent to 10 home launderings.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DBD:
-
Dielectric barrier discharge
- APGD:
-
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge
- RF:
-
Radio frequency
- THPFDA:
-
Tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate and tetrahydroperfluorododecyl acrylate
- APPR:
-
Atmospheric pressure plasma reactor
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscope
- TOF–SIMS:
-
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- AATCC:
-
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
- SAO:
-
Solid add-on
References
Baddour, RF, Timmins, RS, The Application of Plasmas to Chemical Processing. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1967)
Shishoo, R, “The potential of plasma technology in the textile industry.” In: Shishoo, R (ed.) Plasma Technologies for Textiles, pp. xv–xxx. Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC, Cambridge and NW (2007)
Selwyn, GS, Herrmann, HW, Park, J, Henins, I, “Materials Processing Using an Atmospheric Pressure, RF-Generated Plasma Source.” Contrib. Plasma Phys., 41 (6) 610–619 (2001)
Poll, HU, Schladitz, U, Schreiter, S, “Penetration of Plasma Effects Into Textile Structures.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 142–144 489–493 (2001)
Yip, J, Chan, K, Sin, KM, Lau, KS, “Low Temperature Plasma-Treated Nylon Fabrics.” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 123 (1) 5–12 (2002)
Lieberman, Michael A, Lichtenberg, AJ, Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing. Wiley, New York (1994)
Vohrer, U, Müller, M, Oehr, C, “Glow-Discharge Treatment for the Modification of Textiles.” Surf. Coat. Technol, 98 1128–1131 (1998)
Hwang, YJ, Qiu, Y, Zhang, C, Jarrard, B, Stedeford, R, Tsai, J, Park, YC, McCord, MJ Adhes, “Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Helium/Air Plasma Treatment on Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Aramid Fibers.” Sci. Technol., 17 847–860 (2003)
Janca, J, Stahel, P, Buchta, J, Subedi, D, Krcma, F, Pryckova, J, “A Plasma Surface Treatment of Polyester Textile Fabrics Used for Reinforcement of Car Tires.” Plasmas Polym., 6 (1–2) 15–26 (2001)
Babayan, SE, Jeong, JY, Schütze, A, Tu, VJ, Maryam, M, Selwyn, GS, Hicks, RF, “Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films with a Non-Equilibrium Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet.” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 10 (4) 573 (2001)
Qiu, Y, Zhang, C, Hwang, YJ, Bures, BL, McCord, M, “The Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Treatment on the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Ultrahigh-Modulus Polyethylene Fibers.” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 16 (1) 99–107 (2002)
Goossens, O, Dekempeneer, E, Vangeneugden, D, Van de Leest, R, Leys, C, “Application of Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharges in Deposition, Cleaning and Activation.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 142–144 474–481 (2001)
Ward, LJ, Badyal, JPS, Goodwin, AJ, Merlin, PJ, “Solventless Coupling of Perfluoroalkylchlorosilanes to Atmospheric Plasma Activated Polymer Surfaces.” Polymer, 46 (12) 3986–3991 (2005)
Herbert, T, “Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Liquid Deposition.” Int. Dyer, 191 (5) 12–13 (2006)
Gawish, SM, Matthews, SR, Wafa, DM, Breidt, F, Bourham, MA, “Atmospheric Plasma-Aided Biocidal Finishes for Nonwoven Polypropylene Fabrics. I. Synthesis and Characterization.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 103 (3) 1900–1910 (2007)
Wafa, DM, Breidt, F, Gawish, SM, Matthews, SR, Donohue, KV, Roe, RM, Bourham, MA, “Atmospheric Plasma-Aided Biocidal Finishes for Nonwoven Polypropylene Fabrics. II. Functionality of Synthesized Fabrics.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 103 (3) 1911–1917 (2007)
Wang, X, McCord, MG, “Grafting of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Onto Nylon and Polystyrene Surfaces by Atmospheric Plasma Treatment Followed with Free Radical Graft Copolymerization.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104 (6) 3614–3621 (2007)
Hove, TV, “Depositing Nano-sized Coatings by Means of AS Coating Star as an Aerosol Assisted Large Area Cold Atmospheric Plasma Technology.” UNITEX, 15 (4) 38–47 (2007)
Tomiji Wakida, ST, Niu, Shouhua, Kawamura, Haruo, Sato, Yukihiro, Lee, Muncheul, Uchiyama, Hiroshi, Inagaki, Hideo, “Surface Characteristics of Wool and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fabrics and Film Treated with Low-Temperature Plasma Under Atmospheric Pressure.” Textile Res. J., 63 433–438 (1993)
Hartmann, U, “Pretreatment with Atmospheric Plasma.” Flock, 28 (4) 6–7 (2002)
Matthews, SR, Hwang, YJ, McCord, MG, Bourham, MA, “Investigation into Etching Mechanism of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Films Treated in Helium and Oxygenated-Helium Atmospheric Plasmas.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94 (6) 2383–2389 (2004)
Leroux, F, “Atmospheric Plasma: An Issue for Textiles.” Ind. Textile, 1372 46–47 (2005)
Samanta, K, Jassal, M, Agrawal, AK, “Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Plasma and its Applications in Textile.” Indian J. Fibre Textile Res, 31 (1) 83–88 (2006)
Swedberg, J, “Don’t Forget your Coating.” Ind. Fabric Prod. Rev., 91 (6) 54 (2006)
Wolf, RA, Mullertz, C, “Nonwoven Surface Treatment Through Atmospheric Plasma and Photografting.” Nonwovens World, 15 (4) 41–44 (2006)
Wang, XCQ, “Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment on Wettability of Two Sides of Wool Fabric.” Wool Textile J., 1 23–27 (2007)
Cai, ZS, Hwang, YJ, Park, YC, Zhang, CY, McCord, M, Qiu, YP, “Preliminary Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Aided Desizing for Cotton Fabrics.” AATCC Rev., 2 (12) 18–21 (2002)
Cai, Z, Qiu, Y, Hwang, YJ, Zhang, C, McCord, M, “The Use of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment in Desizing PVA on Viscose Fabrics.” J. Ind. Textile., 32 (3) 223–232 (2003)
Cai, Zaisheng, Qiu, Yiping, Zhang, Chuyang, Hwang, YJ, Mccord, M, “Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Desizing of PVA on Cotton.” Textile Res. J., 73 (8) 670–674 (2003)
Cai, Z, Qiu, Y, “The Mechanism of Air/Oxygen/Helium Atmospheric Plasma Action on PVA.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99 (5) 2233–2237 (2006)
Wakida, T, Tokino, S, Niu, Shouhua, Lee, M, Uchiyama, H, Kaneko, M, “Dyeing Properties of Wool Treated with Low-Temperature Plasma Under Atmospheric Pressure.” Textile Res. J., 63 (8) 438–442 (1993)
AATCC Technical Manual, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El-Shafei, A., Helmy, H., Ramamoorthy, A. et al. Nanolayer atmospheric pressure plasma graft polymerization of durable repellent finishes on cotton. J Coat Technol Res 12, 681–691 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-015-9665-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-015-9665-4