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Effects of pigmentation on siloxane–polyurethane coatings and their performance as fouling-release marine coatings

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An Erratum to this article was published on 15 February 2012

Abstract

Siloxane–polyurethane paints were formulated and characterized for coating properties and performance as fouling-release (FR) marine coatings. Paints were formulated at 20 and 30 pigment volume concentrations with titanium dioxide, and aminopropyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (APT-PDMS) loadings were varied from 0 to 30% based on binder mass. The coatings were characterized for water contact angle, surface energy (SE), gloss, and pseudobarnacle (PB) adhesion. The assessment of the FR performance compared with polyurethane (PU) and silicone standards through the use of laboratory biological assays was also performed. Biofilm retention and adhesion were conducted with the marine bacterium Cellulophaga lytica, and the microalgae diatom Navicula incerta. Live adult barnacle reattachment using Amphibalanus amphitrite was also performed. The pigmented coatings were found to have properties and FR performance similar to those prepared without pigment. However, a higher loading of PDMS was required, in some cases, to obtain the same properties as coatings prepared without pigment. These coatings rely on a self-stratification mechanism to bring the PDMS to the coating surface. The slight reduction in water contact angle (WCA) and increase in pseudobarnacle release force with pigmentation suggests that pigmentation slowed or interfered with the self-stratification mechanism. However, increasing the PDMS loading is an apparent method for overcoming this issue, allowing for coatings having similar properties as those of clear coatings and FR performance similar to those of silicone standard coatings.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for supporting this study, under the grant N00014-09-1-1193. The authors also thank Stanislas Ogokeh for assistance in conducting SE measurements and Dr. Dan Rittshof and Beatriz Orihuela of the Duke University Marine Laboratory for supplying live barnacles for testing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA

    Stacy A. Sommer, Joseph R. Byrom, Hanna D. Fischer, Rajan B. Bodkhe, Shane J. Stafslien, Justin Daniels, Carolyn Yehle & Dean C. Webster

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  1. Stacy A. Sommer
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  2. Joseph R. Byrom
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  3. Hanna D. Fischer
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  4. Rajan B. Bodkhe
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  5. Shane J. Stafslien
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  6. Justin Daniels
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  7. Carolyn Yehle
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  8. Dean C. Webster
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dean C. Webster.

Additional information

This paper was awarded First Place in the John A. Gordon Best Paper competition at the 2011 CoatingsTech Conference, sponsored by ACA, March 14–16, 2011, in Rosemont, IL.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-012-9400-3.

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Sommer, S.A., Byrom, J.R., Fischer, H.D. et al. Effects of pigmentation on siloxane–polyurethane coatings and their performance as fouling-release marine coatings. J Coat Technol Res 8, 661–670 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-011-9340-3

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