Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of coating materials from liquid wax esters for wood top-based coating

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Of late, UV-curable products are gaining attention in the wood industry because of the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. UV-curable surface coatings are widely used because of their excellent properties and because they are environmentally friendly products. In this study, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was used to catalyze formation of liquid wax esters, such as adipate esters, via a solvent-free process. The adipate esters formed were then used as UV-curable reactants in the wood coating formulations, consisting of epoxy acrylate, additives, and a photoinitiator. The performance of the products was evaluated by coating them onto glass tiles (using gel content, hardness, and scratch resistance tests) and wood panels (using adhesion, impact, and heat resistance tests). The coated film from this formulation performed well during the evaluation tests. The gel content exhibited more than 90% polymerization, while the pendulum hardness gave a value of 55.25%. Both analyses were significant in determining the effect of irradiation cycles. A scratch test was also carried out to verify the resistance of the coating. The maximum weight load which can be resisted by the wax esters formulation is 4.5 N.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. de Meijer, M, “Review on the Durability of Exterior Wood Coatings with Reduced VOC-Content.” Prog. Org. Coat., 43 217–225 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Salleh, NG, Glasel, HJ, Mehnert, R, “Development of Hard Materials by Radiation Curing Technology.” Radiat. Phys. Chem., 63 475–479 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kumar, V, Bhardwaj, YK, Sabharwal, S, “Coatings Characteristics of Electron Beam Cured Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether Diacrylate Resin Containing 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate on Wood Surface.” Prog. Org. Coat., 55 316–323 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bauer, F, Mehnert, RJ, “UV Curable Acrylate Nanocomposites: Properties and Applications.” Polym. Res., 12 483–491 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chattopadhyay, DK, Panda, SS, Raju, KVSN, “Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Acrylate/Methacrylates UV Cured Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 54 10–19 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bajpai, M, Shukla, V, Kumar, A, “Film Performance and UV Curing of Epoxy Acrylate Resin.” Prog. Org. Coat., 44 271–278 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rudnick, LR, Shubkin, RL, Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Functional Fluids. Marcel Dekker, New York (1999)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Mat Radzi, S, Basri, M, Salleh, AB, Arbakariya, A, Rosfarizan, M, Abdul Rahman, MB, Abdul Rahman, RNZ, “High Performance Enzymatic Synthesis of Oleyl Oleate Using Immobilised Lipase from Candida antartica.” Electron. J. Biotechnol., 8 (3) 291–298 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Abdul Rahman, MB, Zaidan, UH, Basri, M, Hussein, MZ, Abdul Rahman, RNZ, Salleh, AB, “Enzymatic Synthesis of Methyl Adipate Ester Using Lipase from Candida rugosa Immobilized on Mg, Zn and Ni of Layered Double Hydroxides.” J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym., 50 33–39 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Abdul Rahman, MB, Chaibakhsh, N, Basri, M, Abdul Rahman, RNZ, Salleh, AB, Mat Radzi, S, “Modelling and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dilauryl Adipate Ester by Response Surface Method.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 83 1534–1540 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kim, JW, Kim, JY, Suh, KD, “Preparation of Epoxy Acrylate Emulsion Using Mixed Surfactants and Its Polymerization.” Polym. Bull., 36 141–148 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Parker, AP, Reynolds, PA, Lewis, AL, Hughes, L, “Semi-Continuous Emulsion Co-Polymerisation of Methylmethacrylate and Butylacrylate using Zwitterionic Surfactants as Emulsifiers: Evidence of Coagulative Nucleation Above the Critical Micelle Concentration.” Colloids Surf. A, 268 162–174 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mitra, RK, Paul, BK, “Effect of NaCl and Temperature on the Water Solubilization Behaviour of AOT/Nonionics Mixed Reverse Micellar Systems Stabilized in IPM oil.” Colloids Surf. A, 255 165–180 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Choi, JH, Kim, HJ, “Three Hardness Test Methods and Their Relationships on UV-Curable Epoxy Acrylate Coatings for Wooden Flooring Systems.” Ind. Eng. Chem., 12 (3) 412–417 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mahmood, MH, Abdullah, Z, Sakurai, Y, Zaman, K, Dahlan, HM, “Effect of Monomers on the Properties of Palm-Oil Based Radiation Curable Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSA).” Radiat. Phys. Chem., 60 129–137 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Studer, K, Decker, C, Beck, B, Schwalm, R, “Thermal and Photochemical Curing of Isocyanate and Acrylate Functionalized Oligomers.” Eur. Polym. J., 41 157–167 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) with project number Science Fund 5450341 for its financial support. Our sincere thanks are also extended to the Malaysia Nuclear Agency for providing the radiation-curing equipment and chemical reagents.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Noraini Abdul Ghani & Mahiran Basri

  2. Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nik Ghazali Nik Salleh

  3. Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Mahiran Basri, Raja Noor Zaliha Abdul Rahman & Abu Bakar Salleh

Authors
  1. Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Noraini Abdul Ghani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nik Ghazali Nik Salleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mahiran Basri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Raja Noor Zaliha Abdul Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abu Bakar Salleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abdul Rahman, M.B., Abdul Ghani, N., Salleh, N.G.N. et al. Development of coating materials from liquid wax esters for wood top-based coating. J Coat Technol Res 8, 229–236 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9291-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9291-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation