Abstract
The impacts of impregnation and bleaching on the varnish layer hardness of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalist L.) wood were investigated. A number of bleaching combinations {[NaOH−H2O2], [NaOH−Ca(OH)2−H2O2], [NaOH−MgSO4−H2O2] [NaHSO3−H2C2O4], [NaSiO3−H2O2], [KMnO4+NaHSO3+H2O3]} were applied at 18% concentration for bleaching to both impregnated and unimpregnated specimens of Oriental beech wood. Subsequently, water-based (WB) varnish was coated over the samples and the varnish layer hardness values were determined in accordance with ASTM D 4366-95.
All of the chemicals used for bleaching reduced the surface hardness. However, after varnish coating, the hardness of most samples was similar to that of the varnish-coated natural (control) samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Highley, T.L. and Kleive, T.K., “Biological Degradation of Wood,” J. Phytopathology, 69, 1151–1157 (1990).
Newel, A.C. and Haltrop, N.F., Coloring, Finishing, and Painting Wood, Academic, New York, 1961.
Banks, W.B. and Miller, E.R., “Chemical Aspects of Wood Technology in Sweden,” J. Forest Products, 34, 45–67 (1982).
Edwin, P.B. and Carter, M., “Wood Bleaches and Bleaching Methods,” Chapter in Finishing Eastern, Hard Woods, Forest Products Research Society, Madison, pp. 29–39, 1983.
Peker, H., “Mobilya Üst Yüzeylerinde Kullamlan Verniklere Emprenye Maddelerinin Etkileri (The Effects of Impregnation Materials on Furniture Varnishes),” Black Sea Technical University Science Institute (unpublished Ph.D. thesis), Trabzon, pp. 87 (1987).
Özen, R. and Sönmez, A., “Durability of Furniture Varnishes to the Considerable Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Impacts,” Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 14, 226–238 (1990).
Özen, R. and Sönmez, A., “Dis Hava Sartlarinin Verniklerin Katman Sertligine Etkileri (The Influence of Outdoor Conditions on the Varnish Layer Hardness),” Final Report of Turkish State Planning Institute Research Project, Ankara (1996).
Uysal, B., Atar, M. and Ozciftci, A., “The Effects of Bleaching Chemicals on the Varnish Layer Hardness,” Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 443–450 (1997).
Budakçi, M., “The Influence of Layer Thickness of Wood Varnishes on the Hardness, Brightness, and Bonding Strength,” Gazi University Science Institute, Ankara, pp. 43 (1997).
TSE-1476, “Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerin Tayini için Homojen Mesçerelerden Numune Agaci ve Laboratuvar Numunesi Alinmasi (Taking Laboratory Samples for Determining the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood Materials),” Turkish Standards Institute (TSE-1476), Ankara, (1984).
Anonymous, “Waterbome Coatings for Architecture and Industry,” Aqua Sur. Tech. Technical Data Brochure, Montreal (1997).
ASTM D 3023, “Practical for Determination of Resistance of Factory Applied Coating on Wood,” Product of Stain and Reapers, Philadelphia, PA, 1981.
aSTM D 1413-76, “Standard Method of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil Black Cultures,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Philadelphia, PA, p. 452–460, 1976.
Baysal, E., “The Impact of Various Boron and WR Compounds on Some Specifications of Red Pine,” Black Sea Technical University Science Institute, Trabzon, pp. 112 (1994).
Özdemir, I.H., “Genel Anorganik ve Teknik Kimya (General Inorganic and Technical Chemistry),” Technical University of Istanbul, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul (1980).
ASTM D 3924, “Standard Specification of Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Point Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials,” Philadelphia, PA, 1991.
ASTM D 4366-95, “Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Test,” ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1984.
Yalinkiliç, A.C. Ilhan, R., Imamura, Y., Takahashi, M., Demirci, Z., Yalinkiliç, A.C., and Peker, H., “Weathering Durability of CCB-impregnated Wood for Clear Varnish Coatings,” J. Wood Sci., 45, 502–514 (1999).
Yalinkiliç, M.K., “Agaç Malzemenin Yanma, Higroskopisite ve Boyutsal Stabilite Özelliklerinde Çesitli Emprenye Maddelerinin Neden Oldugu Degisikler ve bu Maddelerin Odundan Yikanabilirlikleri,” Black Sea Technical University Science Institute, Trabzon, pp. 312 (1993).
Örs, Y., Atar, M., and Peker, H., “The Impacts of Some Impregnation Materials on the Density of Scots Pine, and Oriental Beech”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 5–8 (1999).
Kleive, K., “Weathered Wooden Surfaces—Their Influence on the Durability of Coating Systems,” Journal of Coatings Technology, 58, No. 740, 39 (1986).
Atar, M., “Renk Açici Kimyasal Maddelerin Agaç Malzemede Üst Yüzey Islemlerine Etkileri (The Effects of Color Bleaching Chemicals on the Surface Treatments of Wood Materials),” Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Gazi University Science Institute, Ankara, pp. 131 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Atar, M., Keskin, H. & Güçlü Yavuzcan, H. Varnish layer hardness of oriental beech (fagus orientalist L.) wood as affected by impregnation and bleaching. J Coat. Technol. Res. 1, 219–224 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-004-0015-1
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-004-0015-1