Abstract
This article presents the materials, methods, and main results obtained in an experimental study which was aimed at the development of alternative environmentally friendly pretreatments to chromium for tinplate food can applications. A commercial tinplate was used as substrate. Chromium, titanium, zirconium, cerium, and oxalate-based pretreatments were studied. The characterization of the pretreated tinplate specimens was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The corrosion behavior of the pretreatments was evaluated using electrochemical measurements and exposure tests in several synthetic media. The results obtained led to the conclusion that, among the different pretreatments studied, the best performance was obtained with titanium and cerium compounds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Steel RTD Newsletter, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, December 7, p. 7, 2001.
Mora, N., Cano, E., Bastidas, J.M., Almeida, E., and Puente, J.M., “Characterization of Passivated Tinplate for Food Can Applications”, Journal of Coatings Technology, 74, No. 935, 53 (2002).
Pennera, G.A., “Packaging Steels,” in The Book of Steel, Beranger, G., Henry, G., and Sanz, G. (Eds.), p. 1034, 1995.
Yfantis, D., Yfantis, A., Tzalas, B., and Schmeisser, D.. “A New Chrome-Free Passivation Method of Tinplate Used in the Canning Industry”, Corrosion, 56, 700–708 (2000).
Lempereur, J. and Renard, L., “Some Aspects of Low-Tin Coating on Steel,” Proc. 4th International Tinplate Conference, ITRI, London, p. 75–87, 1988.
Catalá, R., Alonso, J.M., and Gavara, R., “Performance of Lacquered Chromium Free Passivation Tinplate,” Proc. 8th IAPRI, Word Pack 2002, p. 1082, Michigan, 2002.
Wilcox, G.D., and Gabe, D.R.. “The Development of Passivation Coatings by Cathodic Reduction in Sodium Molybdates Solutions”, Corros. Sci., 28, 577–592 (1988).
Wilcox, G.D., Gabe, D.R., and Warwick, M.E., “The Passivation of Tinplate Using Molybdate-Based Treatment Solutions,” Proc. 4th International Tinplate Conference, ITRI, London, p. 188–197, 1988.
Rees, L.S., “New Passivation Treatments for Tinplate,”, Proc. 6th International Tinplate Conference, ITRI, London, p. 291–296, 1996.
ECSC Research, “Development of Chromium Free Passivation Treatments for Tinplate,“ Agreement 7210-MB/810, Final Report EUR178601, Brussels, 1993.
Fousse, D., Malle, P., and Seurin, P., “Toward a Chromium Free Passivation of Tinplate,” Proc. 7th International Tinplate Conference, ITRI, London, 2000.
EN 10202 Standard, “Hojalata Electrolítica y Aceros Cromados/Oxicromados Electroliticamente,”, 2001.
ASTM A623 Standard, “Specification for Tin Mill Products. General Requirements,”, 1992.
Catalá, R., “Métodos de Evaluation y Control de Calidad de los Envases de Hojalta para Alimentos”, Publication No. 71, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain, 1977.
Do Nascimento, G.G., Mattos, O.R., Dos Santos, J.L.C., and Margarit, I.C.P.. “Impedance Measurements on Lacquered Tinplate: Fitting with Equivalent Circuits”, J. Appl. Electrochem., 29, 383–392 (1999).
ECSC Research, “Environmentally Friendly Coated Tinplate for Food Cans”, Final Report, Agreement 7210-PA/193, 7210-PB/193, 7210-PC/193, and 7210-PD/193, European Commission of Carbon and Steel, Brussels, Belgium, 2002.
DIN EN ISO 6988 Standard, “Metallic and Other Non-organic Coatings. Sulphur Dioxide Test with General Condensation of Moisture,“ DIN, Berlin, 1995.
Montanari, A., Pezzani, A., Cassará, A., Quaranta, A., and Lupi, R., “Quality of Organic Coatings for Food Cans: Evaluation Techniques and Projects of Improvement”, Prog. Org. Coat., 29, 159–165 (1996).
Bastidas, J.M., Cabañes, J.M., and Catalá, R.. “Effect of Passivation Treatment and Storing on Adhesion and Protective Properties of Lacquered Tinplate Cans”, Journal of Coatings Technology, 69, No. 871, 67 (1997).
Bastidas, J.M., Cabañes, J.M., and Catalá, R. “Evaluation of Prolonged Exposure of Lacquered Tinplate Cans to a Citrate Buffer Solution Using Electrochemical Techniques”, Prog. Org. Coat., 30, 9–14 (1997).
McIntyre, N.S. and Chan, T.C., in Practical Surface Analysis. Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Briggs, D. and Seah, M.P. (Eds.), p. 485–529, John Wiley, New York, 1990.
Champion, F.A., in Corrosion Testing Procedures, Chapman and Hall, London, p. 201, 1952.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Almeida, E., Costa, M.R., De Cristofaro, N. et al. Environmentally friendly coatings for tinplate cans in contact with synthetic food media. J Coat. Technol. Res. 1, 103–109 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-004-0004-4
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-004-0004-4