Skip to main content
Log in

Ethics of field research: Do journals set the standard?

  • Published:
Science and Engineering Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To determine whether ethical issues concerned with field research are addressed in the peer-review process, instructions to authors and reviewers of 141 (mainly natural science) journals were examined to ascertain how often ethical issues were mentioned. Only one-third (n=41) of responding journals addressed ethical issues in their instructions to authors or reviewers. When ethical issues were considered, most of the journals limited their concerns to ethical issues associated with animal and general human experimentation. No journal mentioned ethical practices in working with indigenous peoples or on traditional lands. Only two journals addressed the ethics of research in sensitive areas in their instructions to authors, only one in its instructions to reviewers. We suggest that peer-reviewed journals respond to an emerging issue in ecological research by formally incorporating research ethics into their instructions to authors and reviewers. Furthermore, these instructions should address the ethical issues associated with field research and in working with indigenous peoples and on traditional lands.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Farnsworth, E.L., & Rosovsky, J. (1993) The Ethics of Ecological Field Experimentation. Conservation Biology 7: 463–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Putman, R.J. (1996) Ethical considerations and animal welfare in ecological field studies, in: Cooper, N.S. & Carling, R.C.J. eds. Ecologists and Ethical Judgements. Chapman and Hall, Melbourne: 123–135.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Walters, C.J. & Green, R. (1997) Valuation of experimental management options for ecological systems. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 987–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, I. (1997) Damage limitation: How can scientists work in sensitive ecosystems without harming them? A new set of Australian guidelines could help. New Scientist 20/27 December 1997: 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Britt, D. (1984) Ethics, ethical committees and animal experimentation. Nature 311: 503–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Butler, D. (1997) European grants to face ethics scrutiny. See Nature homepage: http://www.nature.com. News Item: 4 December.

  7. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). (1998) General help and guidelines for project grant applications for 1999. Canberra, Australia (See http://www.health.gov.au/nhmre/research/grants/project.htm)

  8. Dawkins, M.S. (1980) Animal Suffering: the Science of Animal Welfare. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. (1986) The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals. Sixth Ed. Longmans, London.

    Google Scholar 

  10. AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association). (1987) Colloquium on recognition and alleviation of animal pain and distress. Journal American Veterinary Medical Association 191: 1184–1296.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Vaughan, C. (1988) Animal research: Ten years under siege. Bioscience 38: 10–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. National Research Council. (1988) Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. National Academy Press, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Canadian Council on Animal Care. (1992) Guide to the Care and use of Experimental Animals, Vols 1 and 2.: Canadian Council on Animal Care. Ottawa: Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  14. American Society of Mammalogists Ad hoc Committee on Acceptable Field Methods in Mammalogy. (1987) Acceptable field methods in mammalogy: preliminary guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists. Journal of Mammalogy, Supplement 68:4.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. (1998) Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching. Animal Behaviour 55: 251–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Motluk, Alison. (1997) They ain’t heavy...Why have seal rescuers suddenly got worried about radio tags? New Scientist 13 December 1997:22.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rolston III, H. (1981) Values in nature. Environmental Ethics 3: 113–128.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goodin, R.E. (1983) Ethical principles for environmental protection. In: Elliot, R.E. & Gare, A. eds. Environmental Philosophy. University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Australia: 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cahen, H. (1988) Against the moral considerability of ecosystems. Environmental Ethics 10: 195–216.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Loftin, R.W. (1992) Scientific collecting. Environmental Ethics 14: 253–264.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hutchings, P. (1997) ACRS Submission to ASTEC on Ethics of Manipulative Research. Australian Coral Reef Society Spring Newsletter 26: 26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  22. ASTEC. (1998) Environmental Research Ethics: National principles and guidelines for the ethical conduct of research in protected and environmentally sensitive areas. The Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. (See http://www.astec.gov.au).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Schmink, M., Redford, K.H. & Padoch, C. (1992) Traditional peoples and the biosphere: framing the issues and defining the terms. In Redford, K. & Padoch, C. eds. Conservation of neotropical forests: working from traditional resources use. Columbia University Press, New York: 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yukon Department of Tourism. (1997) Guidebook of scientific research in the Yukon. Heritage Branch, Yukon Department of Tourism, Whitehorse, Yukon.

    Google Scholar 

  25. BAS (British Antarctic Survey). (1991) Environmental management within the British Antarctic survey. BAS Environmental Information Leaflet. No. 1.

  26. Australian Antarctic Division. (1996) Guidelines for Australian Research involving animal experimentation or use of ionising radiation in the Antarctic and on sub-Antarctic Islands. Commonwealth of Australia. (See http://www.antdiv.gov.au).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Helene Marsh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Marsh, H., Eros, C.M. Ethics of field research: Do journals set the standard?. SCI ENG ETHICS 5, 375–382 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-999-0028-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-999-0028-3

Keywords

Navigation