Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Who, What and Where (WWW) Problems in Scientific Communities

  • Letter
  • Published:
Science and Engineering Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The results of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gaokao, in Chinese) have a life-long effect on most Chinese by labeling them clever or not. Some of the following rules of the Gaokao enhance the damage, for example, the rule of Who, What and Where. In general, Who you are and What you have done are of secondary importance, but Where you graduated from, especially the college of first-record is the most important, but discriminatory criterion in the recruitment courses of most of scientific communities and social organizations in China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Eesley, C., Li, J. B., & Yang, D. L. (2016). Does institutional change in Universities influence high-tech entrepreneurship? Evidence from China’s Project 985. Organization Science, 27(2), 446–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L. (2004). China’s higher education reform 1998–2003: a summary. Asia Pacific Education Review, V(1), 14–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Q. (2015). Reflections on the controversy over the necessity of the “211 Project” and the “985 Project”. Journal of Higher Education management, 9(3), 90–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., & Fang, X. (2016). What are the dispute of the existence and abolition of “211” and “985”. Management of Modern Education, 6, 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, L. (2008). Over 10 billion Yuan to be invested in “211 Project”. People’s Daily Online, March 26.

Download references

Acknowledgements

GH is grateful for help from Prof. Ray Spier and Prof. Stjepko Golubic on this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11375035), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China (3132015155, 3132015151) and The project of Liaoning Province Department of Education (L2013200).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China

    Hong Gao & Wei Liu

  2. School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

    Jinlan Nie

Authors
  1. Hong Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jinlan Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong Gao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, H., Liu, W. & Nie, J. Who, What and Where (WWW) Problems in Scientific Communities. Sci Eng Ethics 24, 327–330 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9843-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9843-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation