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Extraction and Preconcentration of the Main Target Polyphenols from Empetrum nigrum by Freeze-Ultrasonic Thawing Method Based on Synthetic Gemini Surfactant Aqueous Systems

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Abstract

Freeze-ultrasonic thawing extraction (FUTE) is a novel, green, and effective method for extracting bioactive compounds from plants, and the Gemini surfactant had the excellent properties especially for extracting hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish an effective method of synthetic Gemini surfactant aqueous system coupled with FUTE to extract the main individual polyphenols from the aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum. Based on identification of the polyphenols in the aerial parts of E. nigrum by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–time of flight (TOF)–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS, the Gemini surfactant–N,Nʹ-bis(dodecyldimethyl)-1,4-butane dibromide (BBD)–FUTE technology was applied to extract the six main individual polyphenols. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yields of neochlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, and guaijaverin were 8.48, 0.33, 4.23, 2.19, 1.12, and 0.32 mg/g, respectively, which were 1.01–1.96 and 1.15–2.39 times to those of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and freeze-thawing extraction methods, respectively. After cloud-point extraction, a preconcentration factor of 9.1 was obtained. All the results indicated that BBD-FUTE was a green and efficient method in the extraction of polyphenols from the aerial parts of E. nigrum. Therefore, it was suggested that the BBD-FUTE technology can be used as an alternative innovation method to effectively extract bioactive compounds from plant materials.

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Data Availability

The data and material presented in this study will be made available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

SE:

Solvent extraction

UAE:

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction

TX-100:

Triton X-100

CMC:

Critical micelle concentration

BBD:

N,Nʹ-Bis(dodecyldimethyl)-1,4-butane dibromide

FUTE:

Freeze-ultrasonic thawing extraction

CPE:

Cloud-point extraction

UHPLC-TOF-MS/MS:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–time of flight–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

LODs:

Limits of detection

LOQs:

Limits of quantification

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

ARA:

Arabinoside

FTE:

Freeze-thawing extraction

RT:

Retention time

PA:

Peak area

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572021AW44) and Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program for Forest Ecology and Conservation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Yuan Gao, Siru Guo, Ying Zhao, Qianru Ji, Cholil Yun, Shengfang Wang, Yaru Zhang, Wenjie Wang & Huimei Wang

  2. College of Forest Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, 999093, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

    Cholil Yun

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  1. Yuan Gao
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  2. Siru Guo
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  3. Ying Zhao
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  4. Qianru Ji
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  5. Cholil Yun
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  6. Shengfang Wang
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  7. Yaru Zhang
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  8. Wenjie Wang
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  9. Huimei Wang
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Contributions

Yuan Gao: methodology, data curation, roles/writing–original draft. Siru Guo: writing–review and editing, validation, software. Ying Zhao: investigation, visualization, validation. Qianru Ji: formal analysis, visualization. Cholil Yun: conceptualization, writing–review and editing. Shengfang Wang: validation. Yaru Zhang: software. Wenjie Wang: supervision, resources. Huimei Wang: project administration, writing–review and editing, resources.

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Correspondence to Huimei Wang.

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Yuan Gao and Siru Guo contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

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Gao, Y., Guo, S., Zhao, Y. et al. Extraction and Preconcentration of the Main Target Polyphenols from Empetrum nigrum by Freeze-Ultrasonic Thawing Method Based on Synthetic Gemini Surfactant Aqueous Systems. Food Bioprocess Technol 16, 844–856 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02969-z

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